Enkidu el semita. Una visión nómada de la epopeya de Gilgamesh.
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2022
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27/06/2022
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Este trabajo estudia el momento en el que la epopeya mesopotámica de Gilgamesh abandona la estructura prototípica de un relato de corte sumerio para asumir, a partir del 1.800 ANE, formas narrativas representativas del nomadismo semita-amorreo. Para conseguir tal objetivo nos centramos en Enkidu: esclavo primero en las baladas sumerias, compañero del rey después en las tablillas acadias. Argumentamos, tras examinar las transformaciones habidas en las distintas versiones de la epopeya de Gilgamesh, que los diferentes tratamientos de Enkidu en ellas traslucen cómo se produjo la integración de las gentes (semi)nómadas amorreas en la Babilonia del Bronce Medio. Esta histórica y atestiguadísima integración de gentes semitas en Mesopotamia provocó que los escribas mesopotamios trataran de congeniar en una reinterpretación acadia de las hazañas de Gilgamesh los dicotómicos, y en buena parte estereotipados, modelos de sedentarismo ciudadano y seminomadismo. Nuestro examen del importantísimo papel de Enkidu en la epopeya de Gilgamesh nos conduce a su relectura según una serie de claves conceptuales y narrativas de corte semito-amorreas.
The aim of this essay is to study the transformation of the Epic of Gilgamesh from 1800BCE onwards, when the gradual abandonment of Sumerian literary tradition structures the epic around the language and experience of Semitic-Amorite nomadism. This especially concerns thenature of Enkidu –the king’s slave in Sumerian ballads, but his comrade in Akkadian tablets–.The results of this research support the idea that the integration of (semi)nomadic people in Middle Bronze Babylon prompted scribes to reconcile the dichotomous models of city and nomadism in an Akkadian reinterpretation of the exploits of Gilgamesh. All this will lead us to arereading of the first epic of universal literature in a Semitic-Amorite key.
The aim of this essay is to study the transformation of the Epic of Gilgamesh from 1800BCE onwards, when the gradual abandonment of Sumerian literary tradition structures the epic around the language and experience of Semitic-Amorite nomadism. This especially concerns thenature of Enkidu –the king’s slave in Sumerian ballads, but his comrade in Akkadian tablets–.The results of this research support the idea that the integration of (semi)nomadic people in Middle Bronze Babylon prompted scribes to reconcile the dichotomous models of city and nomadism in an Akkadian reinterpretation of the exploits of Gilgamesh. All this will lead us to arereading of the first epic of universal literature in a Semitic-Amorite key.