Structure and function investigation on membrane-binding proteins
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2023
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07/10/2022
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La presente Tesis Doctoral se centra en el estudio de proteínas de asociación a biomembranas, recurriendo para ella a modelos lipídicos in vitro. En particular, los modelos utilizados han sido monocapas lipídicas, bicapas soportadas sobre substratos sólidos y vesículas, permitiendo imitar diferentes características de las membranas biológicas de interés, mediante el ajuste de la composición lipídica. Entre las técnicas utilizadas en esta tesis doctoral, la reflectometría de neutrones (NR) ha demostrado ser muy útil para la caracterización de las membranas modelo planas, así como para investigar la asociación lípido-proteína. La organización de las proteínas en las membranas y su interacción con los lípidos presenta gran importancia en multitud de procesos biológicos fundamentales, como el tráfico, la señalización, y los procesos de endocitosis e infección viral. Las proteínas específicas son capaces de unirse a las membranas celulares, normalmente mediante una interacción electrostática o hidrofóbica. En el Capítulo 1 se ofrece una introducción a los sistemas investigados en la presente tesis. El Capítulo 2 describe brevemente las membranas modelo utilizadas y las técnicas empleadas para investigar la estructura fuera del plano de dichas membranas (ortogonal con respecto al plano de la membrana), así como la organización lipídica en el plano. Los Capítulos 3 y 4 se centran en la caracterización de las membranas modelo lipídicas in vitro, cuya interacción con diversas proteínas será posteriormente discutida en los Capítulos 5, 6 y 7. Cada capítulo de la presente tesis aborda una actividad de investigación única, que puede englobarse dentro de dos campos principales: (1) la interacción de proteínas de la vía de endocitosis mediada por clatrina (CME) con membranas que contienen fosfatidilinositol 4,5-bisfosfato (PIP2), y (2) la interacción de péptidos de la proteína Spike del SARS-CoV-2 con modelos de membranas plasmáticas...
The present PhD thesis reports the investigation on membrane-interacting proteins with several different in vitro lipid model systems. The model membranes used here, in the form of lipid monolayers, solid supported bilayers and vesicles, offer the possibility to mimic biological membranes of interest, by tuning the lipid composition. Among the techniques used in this PhD thesis, neutron reflectometry (NR) has been proven to be very useful to characterize planar model membranes prior to protein addition, as well as to investigate lipid-protein binding. The protein organization in membranes and their interaction with lipids are of paramount importance for a plethora of fundamental biological processes to occur, such as trafficking, signalling, endocytosis pathways as well as viral infection. Specific proteins are able to bind cellular membranes, usually through electrostatic or hydrophobic interaction. Chapter 1 of this thesis gives an introduction regarding the systems investigated. Chapter 2 briefly describes the model membranes used and the techniques employed to investigate the out-of-plane structure of such membranes (orthogonal with respect to the plane of the membrane), as well as the lipid organization in the plane of the membrane. Chapters 3 and 4 report the characterization of in vitro lipid model membranes, whose interaction with membrane-binding proteins was subsequently investigated in Chapters 5, 6 and 7. Each chapter of this manuscript addresses a unique research activity, which can be enclosed within two main field: (1) the interaction of proteins from the clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) pathway with membranes containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2); (2) the interaction of peptides from the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with plasma membrane models...
The present PhD thesis reports the investigation on membrane-interacting proteins with several different in vitro lipid model systems. The model membranes used here, in the form of lipid monolayers, solid supported bilayers and vesicles, offer the possibility to mimic biological membranes of interest, by tuning the lipid composition. Among the techniques used in this PhD thesis, neutron reflectometry (NR) has been proven to be very useful to characterize planar model membranes prior to protein addition, as well as to investigate lipid-protein binding. The protein organization in membranes and their interaction with lipids are of paramount importance for a plethora of fundamental biological processes to occur, such as trafficking, signalling, endocytosis pathways as well as viral infection. Specific proteins are able to bind cellular membranes, usually through electrostatic or hydrophobic interaction. Chapter 1 of this thesis gives an introduction regarding the systems investigated. Chapter 2 briefly describes the model membranes used and the techniques employed to investigate the out-of-plane structure of such membranes (orthogonal with respect to the plane of the membrane), as well as the lipid organization in the plane of the membrane. Chapters 3 and 4 report the characterization of in vitro lipid model membranes, whose interaction with membrane-binding proteins was subsequently investigated in Chapters 5, 6 and 7. Each chapter of this manuscript addresses a unique research activity, which can be enclosed within two main field: (1) the interaction of proteins from the clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) pathway with membranes containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2); (2) the interaction of peptides from the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with plasma membrane models...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, leída el 07-10-2022