Solvent selection and optimisation of the liquid-liquid extraction of volatile fatty acids from the aqueous stream of the HTL-WO process for the production of aviation biofuels

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dc.contributor.authorMartín Gutiérrez, Diego
dc.contributor.authorBarras, David
dc.contributor.authorSuárez Rodríguez, Pablo
dc.contributor.authorBiller, Patrick
dc.contributor.authorSchuck, Carolin Eva
dc.contributor.authorÁgueda Maté, Vicente Ismael
dc.contributor.authorLarriba Martínez, Marcos
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-23T11:28:12Z
dc.date.available2026-01-23T11:28:12Z
dc.date.issued2026-01-19
dc.descriptionHydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical process used to produce advanced biofuels. Besides bio-crude oil, HTL generates an aqueous stream containing organic compounds that can be decreased in concentration or transformed by wet oxidation (WO), producing water rich in volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonium. This study explores liquid-liquid extraction to recover and valorise VFAs from the HTL-WO aqueous stream. Using molecular simulation with the COSMO-RS method, six terpenes and four conventional organic solvents were selected for experimental investigation. First, synthetic aqueous mixtures of VFAs were tested, followed by a real aqueous sample obtained from the HTL-WO of a straw and manure mixture. Optimisation of operating variables for acetic and propionic acid extraction was carried out. Using geraniol, citronellol, verbenone, and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as solvents, with a solvent-to-feed ratio (S/F) of 2, extraction temperature of 303.2 K, and water pH of 2, the recovery of VFAs was maximised in the real stream. Extraction yields exceeded 50% for acetic acid and 80% for propionic acid in both batch and continuous-parallel extraction using a packed column. Under the same conditions, cross-current multistage extraction was studied. Finally, counter-current extraction in a column was simulated with the Kremser method, showing that over 99% of VFAs in the aqueous stream could be extracted in five stages. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of terpenes as green solvents for VFA recovery in HTL-WO process water.
dc.description.departmentDepto. de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales
dc.description.facultyFac. de Ciencias Químicas
dc.description.refereedTRUE
dc.description.sponsorshipComisión Europea
dc.description.sponsorshipComunidad Autónoma de Madrid
dc.description.statuspub
dc.identifier.citationDiego Martín-Gutiérrez, David Barras, Pablo Suárez-Rodríguez, Patrick Biller, Carolin Eva Schuck, Vicente Ismael Águeda, Marcos Larriba, Solvent selection and optimisation of the liquid-liquid extraction of volatile fatty acids from the aqueous stream of the HTL-WO process for the production of aviation biofuels, Separation and Purification Technology, Volume 390, 2026, 136923, ISSN 1383-5866, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2026.136923.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.seppur.2026.136923
dc.identifier.officialurlhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2026.136923
dc.identifier.relatedurlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586626001899?via%3Dihub
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/130870
dc.journal.titleSeparation and Purification Technology
dc.language.isoeng
dc.page.initial136923
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.projectID101083944
dc.relation.projectIDPIPF-2023/ECO-30363
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.accessRightsopen access
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.cdu54
dc.subject.keywordHydrothermal liquefaction-wet oxidation
dc.subject.keywordVolatile fatty acids
dc.subject.keywordLiquid-liquid extraction
dc.subject.keywordTerpenes
dc.subject.keywordOrganic conventional solvents
dc.subject.ucmIngeniería química
dc.subject.unesco3303 Ingeniería y Tecnología Químicas
dc.titleSolvent selection and optimisation of the liquid-liquid extraction of volatile fatty acids from the aqueous stream of the HTL-WO process for the production of aviation biofuels
dc.typejournal article
dc.type.hasVersionVoR
dc.volume.number390
dspace.entity.typePublication
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication6d7337b6-a47e-4a09-b249-985fb120b5d2
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery6d7337b6-a47e-4a09-b249-985fb120b5d2

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