Efecto sobre la supervivencia y factores pronósticos de la monitorización de la ventilación mecánica en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiatrófica
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2025
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21/11/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad degenerativa caracterizada por la afectación progresiva de las motoneuronas superior e inferior. El curso natural de la patología es una progresión lineal y constante, con un ritmo de progresión variable pero sin remisiones ni exacerbaciones. Los pacientes con ELA tienen una supervivencia estimada en 2 a 4 años desde el inicio de los síntomas, aunque puede variar de meses a décadas dependiendo, generalmente, de la aparición, velocidad y tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria secundaria a la debilidad de la musculatura respiratoria. La causa de muerte es casi invariablemente respiratoria: desarrollo de insuficiencia respiratoria neuromuscular y/o neumonías por mecanismos de broncoaspiración en relación con afectación de la musculatura bulbar. En cualquier caso, el determinante principal del pronóstico es la intervención respiratoria, mediante la ventilación mecánica (VM) y técnicas de manejo de secreciones bronquiales. La corrección de la hipoventilación nocturna gracias a la VM proporciona mejor calidad de vida y mayor supervivencia, pero para esto es necesario monitorizar la eficacia del tratamiento. El desarrollo de nuevos softwares de monitorización en los respiradores (Built-In Software – BIS) permiten hacer un seguimiento detallado de los parámetros de la VM y de la interacción paciente/respirador de forma no invasiva y práctica...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder characterized for the progressive affectation of the upper and lower motor neuron. The natural history of the disease is a constant and lineal progression, with a variable progression rhythm but without remissions nor exacerbations. ALS patients have a estimated survival of 2 to 4 years since the beginning of the symptoms, although it may variate from months to decades depending generally on the development, velocity and treatment of the respiratory failure secondary to respiratory muscles weakness. The cause of death is almost invariably respirator: development of respiratory failure and/or pneumonias due to broncho aspiration phenomena related with weakness of the bulbar muscles. Anyway, the main prognostic factor is the respiratory intervention through mechanical ventilation (MV) and bronchial secretions drainage techniques. The treatment of hypoventilation with MV improve the quality of life and prolongs the survival, but for this is necessary to monitor and insure the efficacy of the treatment. The development of new software in MV devices (Built-In Software) allow to make a detailed and proper follow-up of the MV parameters and the ventilator/patient interactions in a noninvasive and practical way...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder characterized for the progressive affectation of the upper and lower motor neuron. The natural history of the disease is a constant and lineal progression, with a variable progression rhythm but without remissions nor exacerbations. ALS patients have a estimated survival of 2 to 4 years since the beginning of the symptoms, although it may variate from months to decades depending generally on the development, velocity and treatment of the respiratory failure secondary to respiratory muscles weakness. The cause of death is almost invariably respirator: development of respiratory failure and/or pneumonias due to broncho aspiration phenomena related with weakness of the bulbar muscles. Anyway, the main prognostic factor is the respiratory intervention through mechanical ventilation (MV) and bronchial secretions drainage techniques. The treatment of hypoventilation with MV improve the quality of life and prolongs the survival, but for this is necessary to monitor and insure the efficacy of the treatment. The development of new software in MV devices (Built-In Software) allow to make a detailed and proper follow-up of the MV parameters and the ventilator/patient interactions in a noninvasive and practical way...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 21/11/2024