Anatomía clínica del nervio accesorio : aplicabilidad para disminuir la morbilidad de los vaciamientos cervicales en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello
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2026
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18/09/2025
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El nervio accesorio (XIpc) es susceptible de ser lesionado durante las cirugías cervicales, lo que puede provocar debilidad o parálisis de los músculos esternocleidomastoideo (ECM) y trapecio, generando limitaciones funcionales en el movimiento del hombro, entre otras complicaciones. Contar con puntos de referencia anatómicos fiables para localizar este nervio resulta fundamental para minimizar el riesgo de lesión. Sin embargo, no hay un consenso sobre qué punto de referencia es el más adecuado. La ubicación del XIpc y los puntos de referencia empleados para identificarlo pueden variar significativamente según el sexo, el lado del cuerpo (derecho o izquierdo) y las características individuales, como la talla o el peso. Además, el desarrollo de técnicas quirúrgicas nuevas que buscan reducir la exposición del campo operatorio, plantea un desafío adicional. Por ello es importante actualizar y evaluar la eficacia de los puntos de referencia anatómicos descritos para localizar al XIpc, considerando tanto la variabilidad anatómica como su utilidad práctica durante una intervención quirúrgica...
The accessory nerve (XIcn) is susceptible to injury during cervical surgeries, which canlead to weakness or paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, resultingin functional limitations in shoulder movement, among other complications. Having reliable anatomical landmarks to locate this nerve is essential to minimize the riskof injury. However, there is no consensus on which landmark is the most appropriate.The location of the accessory nerve (XIcn) and the reference points used to identify it canvary significantly depending on sex, the side of the body (right or left), and individual characteristics such as physical constitution. Additionally, the development of new surgical techniques aimed at reducing exposure of the surgical field presents an additional challenge. Therefore, it is important to update and evaluate the effectiveness of the described anatomical landmarks for locating the XIcn, considering both anatomical variability and their practical utility during a surgical intervention...
The accessory nerve (XIcn) is susceptible to injury during cervical surgeries, which canlead to weakness or paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, resultingin functional limitations in shoulder movement, among other complications. Having reliable anatomical landmarks to locate this nerve is essential to minimize the riskof injury. However, there is no consensus on which landmark is the most appropriate.The location of the accessory nerve (XIcn) and the reference points used to identify it canvary significantly depending on sex, the side of the body (right or left), and individual characteristics such as physical constitution. Additionally, the development of new surgical techniques aimed at reducing exposure of the surgical field presents an additional challenge. Therefore, it is important to update and evaluate the effectiveness of the described anatomical landmarks for locating the XIcn, considering both anatomical variability and their practical utility during a surgical intervention...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 18-09-2025












