Cárcel y gobierno de la pobreza : una mirada foucaultiana
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2024
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28/06/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Nuestra investigación pretende incluirse dentro de la tradición de los estudios foucaultianos sobre la gubernamentalidad neoliberal. Partiendo de las aportaciones del francés en materia penal y punitiva hemos tratado de desentrañar la importancia del papel que las tecnologías punitivas desempeñan en el gobierno de las poblaciones desde los albores del capitalismo hasta nuestros días. A través de una genealogía de estas tecnologías punitivas queremos mostrar no solo su historicidad y su contingencia sino, sobre todo, su protagonismo en una serie de transformaciones políticas y su origen y devenir extrajurídicos. La penalidad, a través precisamente de la historia de la prisión como su institución más representativa, constituye un ámbito privilegiado desde el que poder mostrar la intersección de las tecnologías (soberanas, disciplinarias y gubernamentales) que confluyen en una gubernamentalidad neoliberal que no puede ser reducida únicamente a una mera racionalidad economicista. Esta intersección de las tecnologías nos ha permitido, desde un enfoque multidisciplinar, abordar el papel que la prisión y la penalidad desempeñan en el gobierno de las poblaciones más desfavorecidas o subalternas. La genealogía de las instituciones punitivas y penitenciarias y de las prácticas penales nos ha permitido, tomando las investigaciones foucaultianas como hilo conductor pero desligándonos de ellas cuando estas se mostraban insuficientes para un análisis complejo, distanciarnos del eje clásico delito-pena para indagar en el análisis de la penalidad como forma de gobierno de la pobreza. Pobreza, penalidad, castigo y gobierno aparecen como los ejes vertebradores de una investigación que quiere dar muestra de su carácter histórico, político y contingente. Para tal fin huiremos de explicaciones monocausales que puedan caer en reduccionismos economicistas o de cualquier otro tipo para mostrar el carácter poliédrico y pluricausal de la penalidad como instrumento de gobierno...
Our research aims to be included within the tradition of foucaultian studies on neoliberal governmentality. Starting from his contributions on penal and punitive matters, we have tried to unravel the importance of the role that punitive technologies play in the government of populations from the dawn of capitalism to the present day. Through a genealogy of these punitive technologies we wish to show not only their historicity and contingency but, above all, their protagonism in a series of political transformations and their extra-legal origin and development. Penalty, precisely through the history of the prison as its most representative institution, constitutes a privileged environment from which to show the intersection of technologies (sovereign, disciplinary and governmental) that converge in a neoliberal governmentality that cannot be reduced to a simple economistic rationality. This intersection of technologies has allowed us, from a multidisciplinary approach, to address the role that prison and criminality play in the government of the most disadvantaged or subaltern populations.The genealogy of punitive and penitentiary institutions and penal practices has allowed us, taking foucaultian research as a guiding thread but detaching ourselves from it when it proved insufficient for a complex analysis, to distance ourselves from the classic crimepenalty axis in order to investigate the analysis of criminality as a form of government of poverty. Poverty, criminality, punishment and government appear as the backbone of a research that wants to show its historical, political and contingent character. To this end, we will avoid monocausal explanations that may fall into economistic or any other type of reductionism in order to show the multifaceted and multi-causal character of criminality as an instrument of government...
Our research aims to be included within the tradition of foucaultian studies on neoliberal governmentality. Starting from his contributions on penal and punitive matters, we have tried to unravel the importance of the role that punitive technologies play in the government of populations from the dawn of capitalism to the present day. Through a genealogy of these punitive technologies we wish to show not only their historicity and contingency but, above all, their protagonism in a series of political transformations and their extra-legal origin and development. Penalty, precisely through the history of the prison as its most representative institution, constitutes a privileged environment from which to show the intersection of technologies (sovereign, disciplinary and governmental) that converge in a neoliberal governmentality that cannot be reduced to a simple economistic rationality. This intersection of technologies has allowed us, from a multidisciplinary approach, to address the role that prison and criminality play in the government of the most disadvantaged or subaltern populations.The genealogy of punitive and penitentiary institutions and penal practices has allowed us, taking foucaultian research as a guiding thread but detaching ourselves from it when it proved insufficient for a complex analysis, to distance ourselves from the classic crimepenalty axis in order to investigate the analysis of criminality as a form of government of poverty. Poverty, criminality, punishment and government appear as the backbone of a research that wants to show its historical, political and contingent character. To this end, we will avoid monocausal explanations that may fall into economistic or any other type of reductionism in order to show the multifaceted and multi-causal character of criminality as an instrument of government...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, leída el 28-06-2023