Características clínico-epidemiológicas de una cohorte de madres-niños con infección VIH en la Comunidad de Madrid
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2025
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18/06/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La infección por el VIH continúa siendo uno de los principales problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. Aunque las tasas de transmisión vertical en países de Europa Occidental han disminuido drásticamente en los últimos años, continúan ocurriendo infecciones. Como ya se había constatado previamente en cohortes españolas y de otros países europeos, hemos asistido progresivamente a importantes cambios epidemiológicos en las gestantes con infección VIH en nuestro medio, con mayores porcentajes de población de origen extranjero y mujeres infectadas por vía perinatal. A lo largo del tiempo, se han identificado múltiples factores de riesgo implicados en la transmisión vertical del VIH, siendo el de mayor relevancia la carga viral plasmática materna, de ahí que la implementación precoz del tratamiento antirretroviral en la mujer gestante sea una medida de vital importancia para reducir el riesgo de transmisión perinatal. En los últimos años, disponemos de forma creciente de nuevos fármacos como los inhibidores de la integrasa, especialmente útiles en situaciones de alto riesgo por su capacidad para reducir de forma rápida la viremia. La instauración de la profilaxis antirretroviral en el neonato expuesto, continúa siendo otra de las medidas preventivas principales para evitar la transmisión madre-hijo. Se ha demostrado que, en situaciones de alto riesgo, las pautas combinadas de varios antirretrovirales son generalmente bien toleradas y más efectivas para evitar la infección perinatal, por lo que se han usado crecientemente en las últimas décadas, incluso en el recién nacido pretérmino...
HIV infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem. Although mother-to-child transmission rates in Western European countries have decreased in recent years, there are still perinatal infections. As observed previously in Spanish and other European countries cohorts, important epidemiological changes in pregnant women living with HIV infection in our setting have occurred, with higher percentages of foreign origin and perinatally infected women.Over time, multiple risk factors involved in HIV mother-to-child transmission have been identified, being maternal plasma viral load the most relevant of them, hence the early implementation of antiretroviral treatment in pregnant women is a vital measure to reduce risk of perinatal transmission. In recent years, new drugs such as integrase inhibitors have become increasingly available, especially useful in high-risk situations due to their ability to reduce viral load quickly.The use of antiretroviral neonatal prophylaxis continues to be another of the main preventive measures to avoid mother-to-child transmission. It has been shown that in high-risk situations combined regimens of several antiretrovirals are generally well tolerated and more effective in preventing perinatal infection, so they have been increasingly used in recent decades, even in preterm newborns...
HIV infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem. Although mother-to-child transmission rates in Western European countries have decreased in recent years, there are still perinatal infections. As observed previously in Spanish and other European countries cohorts, important epidemiological changes in pregnant women living with HIV infection in our setting have occurred, with higher percentages of foreign origin and perinatally infected women.Over time, multiple risk factors involved in HIV mother-to-child transmission have been identified, being maternal plasma viral load the most relevant of them, hence the early implementation of antiretroviral treatment in pregnant women is a vital measure to reduce risk of perinatal transmission. In recent years, new drugs such as integrase inhibitors have become increasingly available, especially useful in high-risk situations due to their ability to reduce viral load quickly.The use of antiretroviral neonatal prophylaxis continues to be another of the main preventive measures to avoid mother-to-child transmission. It has been shown that in high-risk situations combined regimens of several antiretrovirals are generally well tolerated and more effective in preventing perinatal infection, so they have been increasingly used in recent decades, even in preterm newborns...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 18-06-2024. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)