Los fondos de inversión de los asalariados en Suecia: potencial y límites de una estrategia socialdemócrata hacia la democracia industrial
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2025
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Universitat de València
Citation
Del Rosal, Mario (2025). Los fondos de inversión de los asalariados en Suecia: potencial y límites de una estrategia socialdemócrata hacia la democracia industrial. CIRIEC-España, Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa, (113), pp. 297–330. https://doi.org/10.7203/CIRIEC-E.113.24745
Abstract
En los años setenta del siglo XX, los sindicatos mayoritarios de Suecia y el Partido Socialdemócrata en el gobierno diseñaron y presentaron un proyecto que, de haberse implantado, podría haber cuestionado los cimientos del capitalismo en ese país: los fondos de inversión de los asalariados. En su versión original, constituía un paso hacia la socialización del capital a través de la paulatina transferencia de los medios de producción y del poder de gestión de las empresas a los trabajadores.
Este artículo explica la historia de esta idea desde el enfoque de la crítica marxista de la economía política. El objetivo es enriquecer el debate profundizando en cuatro aspectos: 1) las características y el potencial relativamente rupturista del proyecto original; 2) las subsiguientes dificultades políticas para su implantación derivadas del rechazo por parte del capital y de una fracción de la propia socialdemocracia; 3) las diferencias entre el plan original y el que finalmente se llegó a implantar; 4) el funcionamiento real de los fondos a lo largo de los noventa, sus resultados y su abolición final.
In the complex 1970s, Sweden’s majority trade unions and the ruling Social Democratic Party designed and presented an economic project that, had it been implemented, could have challenged the very foundations of capitalism in that country: the wage-earners funds. The project, in its original version, constituted a step towards the socialization of capital through the gradual transfer of the means of production and management power of enterprises to the workers. This paper explains the history of this idea from the approach of the Marxist critique of political economy. The aim is to enrich the discussion by addressing four aspects: 1) the characteristics and the potential for relative radical economic, political and social change of the original project; 2) the subsequent political difficulties for its implementation derived from the rejection by capital and a fraction of social democracy itself; 3) the substantial differences between the original plan and the one that was finally implemented; 4) the actual functioning of the funds throughout the 1990s, their results and their final abolition
In the complex 1970s, Sweden’s majority trade unions and the ruling Social Democratic Party designed and presented an economic project that, had it been implemented, could have challenged the very foundations of capitalism in that country: the wage-earners funds. The project, in its original version, constituted a step towards the socialization of capital through the gradual transfer of the means of production and management power of enterprises to the workers. This paper explains the history of this idea from the approach of the Marxist critique of political economy. The aim is to enrich the discussion by addressing four aspects: 1) the characteristics and the potential for relative radical economic, political and social change of the original project; 2) the subsequent political difficulties for its implementation derived from the rejection by capital and a fraction of social democracy itself; 3) the substantial differences between the original plan and the one that was finally implemented; 4) the actual functioning of the funds throughout the 1990s, their results and their final abolition