Aproximación venómica al descubrimiento y evolución de las conotoxinas
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2024
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15/03/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los conos pertenecen a la familia Conidae y constituyen un grupo monofilético altamente diversificado de caracoles marinos (>900 especies) que se encuentra generalmente habitando áreas intermareales de zonas tropicales y subtropicales en todo el mundo. Además de su elevada biodiversidad, los conos se caracterizan por poseer un aparato del veneno altamente especializado en producir e inyectar toxinas (conotoxinas) con un efecto neurotóxico, para cazar y defenderse de otros predadores o competidores. Las conotoxinas son generalmente péptidos cortos, ricos en cisteínas y frecuentemente se encuentran modificadas post-traduccionalmente en su forma nativa. Se considera que cada especie de cono es capaz de producir cócteles de veneno altamente variables a distintos niveles jerárquicos (individual, poblacional, interespecífico) y que su composición podría estar ligada a diferentes tipos de dietas, las cuales se definen generalmente en tres grandes grupos, vermívoros, piscívoros y moluscívoros, en función de si se alimentan de gusanos (principalmente poliquetos), peces u otros moluscos, respectivamente...
Cone snails belong to the family Conidae and constitute a highly diversified monophyletic group (>900 species), which is generally found inhabiting the intertidal of tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. In addition to their high species diversity, cones are characterized by having a highly specialized venom apparatus for producing and injecting toxins (conotoxins) with a neurotoxic effect. These are used to hunt prey and to defend against predators or competitors. Conotoxins are usually short peptides, rich in cysteines and are often modified post-translationally in their native state. It is considered that cone snails are capable of producing highly variable venom cocktails at different hierarchical levels (individual, population, interspecific) and that venom composition could be linked to different diets, generally grouped into three large groups: worms (vermivores), fish (piscivores) and snails (molluscivores).Cone snail venom has a huge interest in evolutionary studies as well as for its potential as novel drug source.
Cone snails belong to the family Conidae and constitute a highly diversified monophyletic group (>900 species), which is generally found inhabiting the intertidal of tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. In addition to their high species diversity, cones are characterized by having a highly specialized venom apparatus for producing and injecting toxins (conotoxins) with a neurotoxic effect. These are used to hunt prey and to defend against predators or competitors. Conotoxins are usually short peptides, rich in cysteines and are often modified post-translationally in their native state. It is considered that cone snails are capable of producing highly variable venom cocktails at different hierarchical levels (individual, population, interspecific) and that venom composition could be linked to different diets, generally grouped into three large groups: worms (vermivores), fish (piscivores) and snails (molluscivores).Cone snail venom has a huge interest in evolutionary studies as well as for its potential as novel drug source.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 15-03-2023