Implicaciones de la estructura productiva en el desarrollo económico de América Latina y el Caribe
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2026
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01/07/2025
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) ha atravesado por numerosas etapas de desarrollo, entre otros, el modelo primario exportador que se instituye en la producción y exportación de materias primas hacia los países ricos y recientemente a China. En consecuencia, la región se ha constituido en un espacio territorial que crecientemente alimenta al mundo, pero que al mismo tiempo reproduce una estructura social y económica desigual respecto a otras regiones del mundo. Bajo este contexto, la tesis incluye tres artículos científicos previamente publicadas en diferentes revistas de economía. El propósito es contribuir a la discusión sobre los problemas del desarrollo económico de ALC, prolongadas por la forma de inserción en la estructura de la división internacional del trabajo que separa al mundo en países productores de bienes industriales y productores de materias primas. La relevancia radica en que el comercio internacional arroja pérdidas en los precios de las materias primas frente al os bienes industrializados, fenómeno que es conocido por el estructuralismo latinoamericano como deterioro de los términos de intercambio. Ante ello, desde el estructuralismo se plantea que la industrialización es un proceso inevitable para el desarrollo económico de un país, y que los estados nacionales deben establecer políticas que promuevan su desarrollo...
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have gone through numerous stages of development, including the primary export model that is instituted in the production and export of raw materials to rich countries and, recently, to China. As a result, the region has become a territorial space that progressively feeds the world, but at the same time reproduces an unequal social and economic structure with respect to other regions. In this context, the thesis includes three scientific articles previously published in different economics journals. The purpose is to contribute to the discussion on the problems of LAC's economic development, prolonged by the structure of the international division of labor; it separates the world into a group of countries that produce industrial goods and another group of producers of raw materials. The difference between them lies in the fact that international trade shows constant losses in the relative value of raw materials, compared to industrialized goods, a phenomenon that is known by Latin American structuralism as the deterioration of the terms of trade. In view of this, structuralism states that industrialization is an inevitable process for the economic development of a country, and that national states must establish policies that promote the development of countries...
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have gone through numerous stages of development, including the primary export model that is instituted in the production and export of raw materials to rich countries and, recently, to China. As a result, the region has become a territorial space that progressively feeds the world, but at the same time reproduces an unequal social and economic structure with respect to other regions. In this context, the thesis includes three scientific articles previously published in different economics journals. The purpose is to contribute to the discussion on the problems of LAC's economic development, prolonged by the structure of the international division of labor; it separates the world into a group of countries that produce industrial goods and another group of producers of raw materials. The difference between them lies in the fact that international trade shows constant losses in the relative value of raw materials, compared to industrialized goods, a phenomenon that is known by Latin American structuralism as the deterioration of the terms of trade. In view of this, structuralism states that industrialization is an inevitable process for the economic development of a country, and that national states must establish policies that promote the development of countries...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, leída el 01/07/2025












