Análisis bioinformático de la variabilidad genética y conservación de proteínas en dos virus ARN : VIH y SARS-CoV-2
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2025
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04/12/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los virus ARN poseen una alta variabilidad genética debido a su elevada tasa de mutación y recombinación, lo que les permite adaptarse a nuevas condiciones ambientales y presiones selectivas. Durante la evolución viral se generan variantes que pueden presentar mutaciones, algunas de las cuales les permiten evadir la inmunidad adquirida, desarrollar resistencia a fármacos, aumentar su infectividad o su capacidad replicativa. Por ello, es imprescindible estudiar y monitorizar la variabilidad genética viral para combatir las enfermedades virales y desarrollar estrategias efectivas de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Esta tesis analiza la variabilidad genética de dos virus ARN pandémicos. Los tres primeros artículos se centran en el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), retrovirus causante del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA), que ha infectado a más de 85 millones de personas, causando más de 40 millones de muertes a nivel mundial. Los dos últimos artículos analizan el coronavirus de tipo 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2), responsable de la pandemia de COVID-19, que ha provocado más de 774 millones de infecciones y 25 millones de muertes estimadas desde su inicio en 2019...
RNA viruses exhibit high genetic variability due to their elevated mutation and recombination rates, allowing them to adapt to new environmental conditions and selective pressures. During viral evolution, variants emerge that may carry mutations, some of them enable the virus to evade acquire dimmunity, develop drug resistance, increase infectivity, or enhance replicative capacity. Therefore, studying and monitoring viral genetic variability is essential to combat viral diseases and develop effective strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This thesis analyzes the genetic variability of two pandemic RNA viruses. The first three articles focus on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which has infected more than 85 million people and caused over 40 million deaths worldwide. The last two articles examine the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in more than 774 million infections and an estimated 25 million deaths since its emergence in 2019. To study the genetic variability of both viruses, all available sequences in public databases were analyzed using the bioinformatics program EpiMolBio developed in our laboratory. This program was optimized during the development of this thesis for sequence and variability analysis in genes and proteins of biomedical interest...
RNA viruses exhibit high genetic variability due to their elevated mutation and recombination rates, allowing them to adapt to new environmental conditions and selective pressures. During viral evolution, variants emerge that may carry mutations, some of them enable the virus to evade acquire dimmunity, develop drug resistance, increase infectivity, or enhance replicative capacity. Therefore, studying and monitoring viral genetic variability is essential to combat viral diseases and develop effective strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This thesis analyzes the genetic variability of two pandemic RNA viruses. The first three articles focus on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which has infected more than 85 million people and caused over 40 million deaths worldwide. The last two articles examine the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in more than 774 million infections and an estimated 25 million deaths since its emergence in 2019. To study the genetic variability of both viruses, all available sequences in public databases were analyzed using the bioinformatics program EpiMolBio developed in our laboratory. This program was optimized during the development of this thesis for sequence and variability analysis in genes and proteins of biomedical interest...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 04-12-2024. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)