Enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en los servicios de urgencias de España : manejo terapéutico en fase aguda, y consideraciones pronósticas en pacientes con baja reserva cardiopulmonar
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2024
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19/09/0023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV) se caracteriza por la presencia de trombos que pueden obstruir el interior de las venas, lo que condiciona isquemia y/o infarto de los tejidos, siendo las venas profundas de las extremidades inferiores y las arterias pulmonares, los principales territorios afectados. En el mundo, corresponde a la tercera causa de afección vascular, después de la cardiopatía isquémica y el accidente cerebrovascular. Existen estudios realizados en el ámbito hospitalario y ambulatorio, pero pocos han sido realizados en servicios de urgencias (SU), especialmente en España. Se han descrito factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de ETV y su fisiopatología se fundamenta en las observaciones de Virchow, resumidas en una triada caracterizada por hipercoagulabilidad, estasis y lesión endotelial. El diagnóstico de ETV es complejo y requiere una adecuada valoración clínica, el uso de escalas de predicción y pruebas complementarias en sangre e imagen. Tras el diagnóstico de embolia pulmonar (EP), los pacientes deben clasificarse según el riesgo de muerte, lo que a su vez permite tomar decisiones terapéuticas y de manejo general. La presencia de comorbilidades, como enfermedades cardiorrespiratorias y cáncer, condicionan un peor pronóstico...
Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) is characterized by the presence of thrombus that can obstruct the interior of the veins, which causes ischemia and/or infarction of the tissues, with the deep veins of the lower extremities and the pulmonary arteries being the main ones affected territories. In the world, it corresponds to the third cause of vascular disease, after ischemic heart disease and stroke. There are studies carried out in the hospital and outpatient setting, but few have been carried out in emergency departments (ED), especially in Spain. Risk factors for the development of VTE have been described and its pathophysiology is based on Virchow's observations, summarized in a triad characterized by hypercoagulability, stasis and endothelial injury.The diagnosis of VTE is complex and requires adequate clinical assessment, the use of prediction scales and complementary blood and imaging tests. After the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE), patients must be classified according to the risk of death, which in turn allows making therapeutic and general management decisions. The presence of comorbidities, such as cardiorespiratory diseases and cancer, condition aworse prognosis...
Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) is characterized by the presence of thrombus that can obstruct the interior of the veins, which causes ischemia and/or infarction of the tissues, with the deep veins of the lower extremities and the pulmonary arteries being the main ones affected territories. In the world, it corresponds to the third cause of vascular disease, after ischemic heart disease and stroke. There are studies carried out in the hospital and outpatient setting, but few have been carried out in emergency departments (ED), especially in Spain. Risk factors for the development of VTE have been described and its pathophysiology is based on Virchow's observations, summarized in a triad characterized by hypercoagulability, stasis and endothelial injury.The diagnosis of VTE is complex and requires adequate clinical assessment, the use of prediction scales and complementary blood and imaging tests. After the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE), patients must be classified according to the risk of death, which in turn allows making therapeutic and general management decisions. The presence of comorbidities, such as cardiorespiratory diseases and cancer, condition aworse prognosis...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 19-09-2023. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)