Implicación del sistema del complemento en las vasculitis asociadas a anticuerpos anti-citoplasma de neutrófilos (VAA)
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2025
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19/03/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La vasculitis asociada a anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilo (VAA) es una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica que se caracteriza por la inflamación necrotizante de vasos sanguíneos predominantemente pequeños y por la presencia de autoanticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilo (ANCAs). VAA es una enfermedad crónica, recidivante y remitente, donde las recaídas se han asociado con una mayor morbilidad y una peor supervivencia. Dado que una gran mayoría de los pacientes cursa con fallo renal caracterizado por una glomerulonefritis crescéntica necrotizante pauci-inmune, junto con el hecho de que los pacientes no son hipocomplementémicos; inicialmente no se pensaba que el sistema del complemento estuviera implicado en la patogénesis de VAA. Sin embargo, estudios con modelos animales demostraron que la activación de la vía alternativa del complemento juega un papel fundamental en la patogénesis de VAA, aunque los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes aún no están claros...
The anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by necrotizing inflammation of predominantly small blood vessels and the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). AAV is a chronic, relapsing-remitting disease, where relapses have been associated with increased morbidity and worse survival. Since a large majority of patients present with renal failure characterized by pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis, and considering that patients are not hypocomplementemic, the complement system was not initially thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of AAV. However, studies with animal models have demonstrated that activation of the alternative complement pathway plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of AAV, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear...
The anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by necrotizing inflammation of predominantly small blood vessels and the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). AAV is a chronic, relapsing-remitting disease, where relapses have been associated with increased morbidity and worse survival. Since a large majority of patients present with renal failure characterized by pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis, and considering that patients are not hypocomplementemic, the complement system was not initially thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of AAV. However, studies with animal models have demonstrated that activation of the alternative complement pathway plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of AAV, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 19-03-2024