Las avenidas torrenciales en cauces efimeros: ramblas y abanicos aluviales
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2009
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Asociación Española para la Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la Tierra
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Abstract
Los sistemas torrenciales se caracterizan por corrientes efímeras pero súbitas, que alcanzan rápidamente su caudal punta e incorporan abundante carga sólida que depositan también de forma brusca al desvanecerse la crecida. Se manifiestan desde formas métricas de ladera o cabecera (cárcavas y barrancos) hasta kilométricas, como ramblas y grandes abanicos aluviales. Pero su morfología y dinámica son equiparables: cuenca de recepción muy activa, corto canal de transferencia y zona de producción, generalmente abanico. Estas tres zonas se repiten a diferentes escalas dentro de la misma línea de drenaje, generando depósitos sobre los que el cauce se vuelve a encajar o que abandona migrando a zonas más deprimidas. Esta dinámica esporádica y cambiante, su capacidad erosiva, así como los altos caudales líquidos y sólidos, confieren a estos sistemas una gran peligrosidad
The torrential stream dynamics is characterized by ephemeral but sudden streamflows (flashfloods) that quickly reach their peak flow, entraining abundant load that also deposits abruptly when the flood vanishes. They offer wide range morphologies, from metric forms (gullies) on headwaters and slopes, to kilometric ones like ramblas (arroyos) and large alluvial fans. But their morphology and dynamics are similar: very active reception basin, short transference channel and widespread production area, commonly an alluvial fan. These three zones may be recurring at different scales within the same drainage line, generating deposits on which the channel either entrenches or abandons, migrating towards more depressed areas. This erratic and changing dynamics, the erosive capacity, as well as the high load and discharge, confer to these systems a great hazard
The torrential stream dynamics is characterized by ephemeral but sudden streamflows (flashfloods) that quickly reach their peak flow, entraining abundant load that also deposits abruptly when the flood vanishes. They offer wide range morphologies, from metric forms (gullies) on headwaters and slopes, to kilometric ones like ramblas (arroyos) and large alluvial fans. But their morphology and dynamics are similar: very active reception basin, short transference channel and widespread production area, commonly an alluvial fan. These three zones may be recurring at different scales within the same drainage line, generating deposits on which the channel either entrenches or abandons, migrating towards more depressed areas. This erratic and changing dynamics, the erosive capacity, as well as the high load and discharge, confer to these systems a great hazard