Converting OCL and CGMES Rules to SHACL in Smart Grids

Abstract

Models are rst-class elements in Model-Driven Engineering (MDE). In this paradigm, the most widespread approaches adopted by the development community are Object-Oriented and onto logical, formalized using Uni ed Modeling Language (UML) and Resource Description Framework (RDF), respectively. However, Object Management Group (OMG) does not provide a speci c standard language for validating UML models against Object Constraints Language (OCL) constraints; meanwhile, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has de ned Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) as a standard validation language. Although the transformation between UML and RDF can be performed at the structural level, no effort has been made to transform OCL to SHACL. This paper addresses the transformation of OCL and text-based constraints to SHACL shapes in the context of Common Grid Model Exchange Standard (CGMES), a UML-based standard for electric utilities in Europe. This paper presents several contributions to the software engineering community. First, solving the validation problem in a standardized way. Second, facilitating European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) the construction of an ontology associated with the CGMESstandard.Third,allowingdevelopersto integrate the two complementary approaches