Respuesta farmacológica y estudio funcional de los canales KATP con mutaciones asociadas al Síndrome de Cantú
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2024
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11/07/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Los canales KATP son bloqueados por concentraciones fisiológicas de ATP y generan corrientes (IKATP) repolarizantes con rectificación interna cuando los niveles de este mediador intracelular disminuyen. Por tanto, conectan las actividades metabólica y eléctrica celulares en los diversos tejidos en los que están expresados (corazón, páncreas, músculo liso y esquelético...). Los canales KATP están formados por la asociación de 4 subunidades α Kir6.1 y/o Kir6.2 y 4 subunidades β SUR1 y/o SUR2. El Síndrome de Cantú (SC) es una enfermedad rara (ORPHA:1408; OMIM #239850) causada por mutaciones en los genes que codifican las subunidades Kir6.1 (KCNJ8) y SUR2A (ABCC9). Las mutaciones disminuyen la sensibilidad del canal por el ATP, y, en consecuencia, aumentan la densidad de la IKATP. Los canales KATP son bloqueados por las sulfonilureas presentando dos sitios de unión para las mismas: el "A" que abarca los segmentos transmembrana 14 y 15 de la subunidad SUR y el "B" que comprende parte del lazo intracelular 0 de la subunidad SUR2 y parte del extremo N-terminal de la subunidad Kir6.x. La glibenclamida bloquea los canales uniéndose a ambos sitios, sin embargo, hay fármacos que los bloquean uniéndose exclusivamente al sitio "A" (como la gliclazida) o al "B" (como la repaglinida). Se ha propuesto que la glibenclamida podría ser una opción terapéutica para los pacientes con SC. Sin embargo, nuestra primera hipótesis es que la glibenclamida puede no ser útil en todos los pacientes, dado que el bloqueo de los canales KATP dependerá de la subunidad en la que esté presente la mutación y su localización en de la misma. Por tanto, nuestro primer objetivo fue comparar los efectos de diversos bloqueantes sobre los canales KATP nativos y los que presentaban mutaciones asociadas al SC...
KATP channels are blocked by physiological concentrations of ATP and generate repolarizing currents (IKATP) with inward rectification when levels of this intracellular mediator decrease. Therefore, they connect cellular metabolic and electrical activities in various tissues in which they are expressed (heart, pancreas, smooth and skeletal muscle, etc.). KATP channels are formed by the association of 4 α Kir6.1 and/or Kir6.2 subunits and 4 β SUR1 and/or SUR2 subunits. Cantu Syndrome (CS) is a rare disease (ORPHA:1408; OMIM #239850) caused by mutations in genes that encode Kir6.1 (KCNJ8) and SUR2A (ABCC9) subunits. Mutations decrease the channel's sensitivity to ATP and, consequently, increase the density of IKATP. KATP channels are blocked by sulfonylureas, which have two binding sites: "A", which covers transmembrane segments 14 and 15 of the SUR subunit, and site "B", which includes part of the intracellular loop 0 of the SUR2 subunit and part of the N-terminal end of the Kir6.x subunit. Glibenclamide blocks the channels by binding to both sites; however, there are drugs that block them by binding exclusively to site "A" (such as gliclazide) or site "B" (such as repaglinide). Glibenclamide has been proposed as a therapeutic option for patients with CS. However, our first hypothesis is that glibenclamide may not be useful in all patients, as the blockade of KATP channels will depend on the subunit in which the mutation is present and its location. Therefore, our first objective was to compare the effects of various blockers on native KATP channels and those presenting mutations associated with CS...
KATP channels are blocked by physiological concentrations of ATP and generate repolarizing currents (IKATP) with inward rectification when levels of this intracellular mediator decrease. Therefore, they connect cellular metabolic and electrical activities in various tissues in which they are expressed (heart, pancreas, smooth and skeletal muscle, etc.). KATP channels are formed by the association of 4 α Kir6.1 and/or Kir6.2 subunits and 4 β SUR1 and/or SUR2 subunits. Cantu Syndrome (CS) is a rare disease (ORPHA:1408; OMIM #239850) caused by mutations in genes that encode Kir6.1 (KCNJ8) and SUR2A (ABCC9) subunits. Mutations decrease the channel's sensitivity to ATP and, consequently, increase the density of IKATP. KATP channels are blocked by sulfonylureas, which have two binding sites: "A", which covers transmembrane segments 14 and 15 of the SUR subunit, and site "B", which includes part of the intracellular loop 0 of the SUR2 subunit and part of the N-terminal end of the Kir6.x subunit. Glibenclamide blocks the channels by binding to both sites; however, there are drugs that block them by binding exclusively to site "A" (such as gliclazide) or site "B" (such as repaglinide). Glibenclamide has been proposed as a therapeutic option for patients with CS. However, our first hypothesis is that glibenclamide may not be useful in all patients, as the blockade of KATP channels will depend on the subunit in which the mutation is present and its location. Therefore, our first objective was to compare the effects of various blockers on native KATP channels and those presenting mutations associated with CS...