El “genocidio” rohingya: un análisis en el marco de la práctica jurisdiccional internacional
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2026
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10/06/2026
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Las denominadas "operaciones de limpieza" de 2016 y 2017 en Myanmar dieron a conocer a la comunidad internacional las graves y sistemáticas violaciones de derechos humanos contra la minoría rohingya, incluyendo, entre otras, asesinatos masivos, quema de aldeas, violencia sexual y su desplazamiento forzado hacia Bangladesh. Fue entonces cuando se activaron los mecanismos internacionales de justicia para determinar responsabilidades tanto estatales como individuales. El presente trabajo analiza el procedimiento de Gambia contra Myanmar ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia, por la presunta violación de la Convención para la Prevención y la Sanción del Delito de Genocidio de 1948 y la adopción de medidas provisionales para salvaguardar al grupo. Paralelamente, se examina la investigación de la Corte Penal Internacional por crímenes de lesa humanidad de deportación y persecución, subrayando la innovadora arquitectura jurisdiccional basada en el principio de territorialidad a través de Bangladesh. Se observa que estos procedimientos, marcados por la dificultad probatoria del dolus specialis y la distinción entre limpieza étnica y genocidio, se constituyen en un auténtico paradigma y, a la vez, en un desafío para la protección internacional de las minorías vulnerables.
The so-called "clearance operations" of 2016 and 2017 in Myanmar brought to the attention of the international community the grave and systematic human rights violations against the Rohingya minority, including, among others, mass killings, the burning of villages, sexual violence, and their forced displacement to Bangladesh. These events triggered the activation of international justice mechanisms aimed at establishing both State and individual responsibility. This paper analyses Gambia's proceedings against Myanmar before the International Court of Justice for the alleged violation of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide and the adoption of provisional measures to safeguard the group. Concurrently, it examines the International Criminal Court's investigation into crimes against humanity of deportation and persecution, highlighting the innovative jurisdictional architecture based on the principle of territoriality through Bangladesh. It is observed that these proceedings, marked by the evidentiary difficulty of dolus specialis and the distinction between ethnic cleansing and genocide, constitute a true paradigm and, at the same time, a challenge for the international protection of vulnerable minorities.
The so-called "clearance operations" of 2016 and 2017 in Myanmar brought to the attention of the international community the grave and systematic human rights violations against the Rohingya minority, including, among others, mass killings, the burning of villages, sexual violence, and their forced displacement to Bangladesh. These events triggered the activation of international justice mechanisms aimed at establishing both State and individual responsibility. This paper analyses Gambia's proceedings against Myanmar before the International Court of Justice for the alleged violation of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide and the adoption of provisional measures to safeguard the group. Concurrently, it examines the International Criminal Court's investigation into crimes against humanity of deportation and persecution, highlighting the innovative jurisdictional architecture based on the principle of territoriality through Bangladesh. It is observed that these proceedings, marked by the evidentiary difficulty of dolus specialis and the distinction between ethnic cleansing and genocide, constitute a true paradigm and, at the same time, a challenge for the international protection of vulnerable minorities.











