El periodismo preventivo como técnica pedagógica para evitar la desinformación en crisis y conflictos: los casos de Chihuahua y Ciudad Juárez
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2017
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02/02/2016
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Estamos viviendo unos tiempos convulsos en lo que respecta a la información que llega a la ciudadanía a través de los medios de comunicación. En muchos casos, en la información ofrecida por los medios están ausentes los tres principios básicos del periodismo informativo: el contraste, el contexto y el rigor -también criterios esenciales de un periodismo de calidad-, lo que inevitablemente da como resultado que el tratamiento informativo esté marcado por la simplicidad, el uso de estereotipos, la ausencia de las relaciones causales de los acontecimientos, el silencio de determinadas voces, y el comentario en lugar del análisis. Este tratamiento informativo distorsiona (intencionalmente o no) la realidad, dificultando el ejercicio pleno del derecho a la información, en su dimensión más amplia y, por tanto, el empoderamiento de la ciudadanía a partir de la información. Esta situación es el resultado de la coincidencia de diversos factores: por un lado organizativos, que están en el entorno de los medios y que han establecido una nueva lógica mediática; y por otro éticos, relacionados con la actuación del periodista que intenta responder a las expectativas de dicha lógica. Se presenta entonces una paradoja: en la era de la sobreinformación es más difícil estar informado. Si se añade en ese escenario a los países del Sur como tema principal de la información, la dificultad de disponer de información rigurosa, contrastada y contextualizada se multiplica. Sobre estos países se informa poco y mal, se trivializa con anécdotas, se tiende a la simplificación y a la generalización que muchas veces confunden y equivocan más que informan. Las deficiencias en el tratamiento informativo de temas vinculados al Sur, como la pobreza, el desarrollo, la violencia, las migraciones, el narcotráfico, los conflictos y crisis, demuestran que los medios están más interesados en los sucesos que en los procesos...
When addressing the issue of information produced by mass media, we seem to be witnessing a period of upheaval. In many cases, the informative products lack context and rigour and facts are not often verified. The absence of these essential criteria for high quality journalism is also associated to simpleness, the use of stereotypes, the scarcity of casual relationships between different events, the silencing of certain voices, and the preference for superficial comments instead of analysis. These factors distort reality (intentionally or not), obstructing citizens’ right of access to information and depriving them from the possibility of being empowered through information. This situation is caused by the coexistence of several issues: on the one hand organizational factors that are in the media environment and have established a new media logic; and secondly, ethical factors related to the performance of the journalist trying to meet the expectations of that logic. This situation appears to be paradoxical: to have access to correct information seems to be more difficult in the Age of Information. When Western media focus on the subject of Southern or developing countries, the difficulties to access rigorous, contextualized and verified information are even bigger. They usually provide scarce and incorrect information, full of anecdotes and simplifications that, instead of informing audiences, tends to confuse them. The deficiencies encountered in the treatment given to the South by mass media, especially in issues related to poverty, development, violence, migrations, drug trafficking, conflicts and crises prove that media are usually more interested in the events that in the processes...
When addressing the issue of information produced by mass media, we seem to be witnessing a period of upheaval. In many cases, the informative products lack context and rigour and facts are not often verified. The absence of these essential criteria for high quality journalism is also associated to simpleness, the use of stereotypes, the scarcity of casual relationships between different events, the silencing of certain voices, and the preference for superficial comments instead of analysis. These factors distort reality (intentionally or not), obstructing citizens’ right of access to information and depriving them from the possibility of being empowered through information. This situation is caused by the coexistence of several issues: on the one hand organizational factors that are in the media environment and have established a new media logic; and secondly, ethical factors related to the performance of the journalist trying to meet the expectations of that logic. This situation appears to be paradoxical: to have access to correct information seems to be more difficult in the Age of Information. When Western media focus on the subject of Southern or developing countries, the difficulties to access rigorous, contextualized and verified information are even bigger. They usually provide scarce and incorrect information, full of anecdotes and simplifications that, instead of informing audiences, tends to confuse them. The deficiencies encountered in the treatment given to the South by mass media, especially in issues related to poverty, development, violence, migrations, drug trafficking, conflicts and crises prove that media are usually more interested in the events that in the processes...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Sección Departamental de Derecho Internacional Público y Relaciones Internacionales (Estudios Internacionales), leída el 02-02-2016