Identificación de biomarcadores y estudio de las bases moleculares en anafilaxia : proteínas circulantes, vesículas extracelulares y microARNs
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2023
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13/01/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La anafilaxia es la manifestación más grave de los trastornos alérgicos. En los últimos años la incidencia de este evento patológico ha ido en aumento. Sin embargo, estos datos se considera que están subestimados debido a la falta de biomarcadores eficaces que confirmen su diagnóstico. La reacción anafiláctica se produce principalmente por la activación de los mastocitos y los basófilos, los cuales liberan los mediadores que causan los síntomas de este evento patológico. Entre ellos, destacan las manifestaciones cardiovasculares ya que determinan el desarrollo de los casos más graves. A su vez, el endotelio resulta especialmente afectado y es el componente principal de los procesos relacionados con la permeabilidad vascular e hipotensión. No obstante, se han descrito otras células y vías de señalización implicadas en la reacción. Los microARNs (miARNs) y las vesículas extracelulares (VEs) regulan varios mecanismos moleculares y se han propuesto como biomarcadores de distintas enfermedades. Sin embargo, nunca habían sido estudiados durante la anafilaxia en humanos. Los objetivos de esta tesis fueron identificar las proteínas, las VEs y los miARNs circulantes, evaluar su uso como biomarcadores y estudiar su papel en las bases moleculares de la anafilaxia. Para ello, se utilizaron muestras de sangre periférica de 154 pacientes obtenidas durante la reacción (fase aguda) y transcurridos al menos 14 días (fase basal)...
Anaphylaxis is the most severe manifestation of allergic disorders. In recent years the incidence of this pathological event has been increased. However, these data are underestimated due to the lack of effective biomarkers to confirm its diagnosis. The anaphylactic reaction is mainly induced by the activation of mast cells and basophils, which release mediators that cause the symptoms of this pathological event. Among them, cardiovascular manifestations stand out as they determine the development of the most severe cases. In turn, the endothelium results particularly affected, and it is the main component involved in vascular permeability and hypotension processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate various molecular mechanisms and have been proposed as biomarkers of several diseases. However, they have never been studied in human anaphylaxis.The objectives of this thesis were to identify different circulating molecules (proteins, EVs and miRNAs), to evaluate their use as biomarkers and to study their role in the molecular basis of anaphylaxis. For this purpose, peripheral blood samples obtained from 154 patients during the reaction (acute phase) and at least 14 days later (basal phase) were used...
Anaphylaxis is the most severe manifestation of allergic disorders. In recent years the incidence of this pathological event has been increased. However, these data are underestimated due to the lack of effective biomarkers to confirm its diagnosis. The anaphylactic reaction is mainly induced by the activation of mast cells and basophils, which release mediators that cause the symptoms of this pathological event. Among them, cardiovascular manifestations stand out as they determine the development of the most severe cases. In turn, the endothelium results particularly affected, and it is the main component involved in vascular permeability and hypotension processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate various molecular mechanisms and have been proposed as biomarkers of several diseases. However, they have never been studied in human anaphylaxis.The objectives of this thesis were to identify different circulating molecules (proteins, EVs and miRNAs), to evaluate their use as biomarkers and to study their role in the molecular basis of anaphylaxis. For this purpose, peripheral blood samples obtained from 154 patients during the reaction (acute phase) and at least 14 days later (basal phase) were used...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, leída el 13-01-2023