La transparencia de la Administración Inteligente en España: nuevas fronteras para el derecho de acceso a la información pública
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2024
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Ediciones Complutense
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Martínez Isidoro, B. del C. (2024). La transparencia de la Administración Inteligente en España: nuevas fronteras para el derecho de acceso a la información pública. Derecom 37, 59-68. https://dx.doi. org/10.5209/dere.98117
Abstract
El desarrollo tecnológico ha dotado a la Administración Pública de nuevas herramientas: los algoritmos y los sistemas de Inteligencia Artificial, que permiten automatizar las gestiones, facilitar información al ciudadano a través de portales web o acudir a la administración sin la limitación de los espacios físicos.Sin embargo, estos instrumentos tecnológicos que facilitan la eficacia, eficiencia y mejoran la calidad de la gestión pública, no están exentos de ciertos riesgos, pues no son infalibles y, por tanto, cuentan con un margen de error. En este punto surge el planteamiento de este estudio sobre la necesidad de que la Administración Pública también deba ser transparente en este aspecto y permitir el acceso a la información pública sobre la utilización de estas tecnologías. La justificación para este nuevo deber de la administración se encuentra en el impacto que tiene el uso de estos sistemas en la vida de los ciudadanos.El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar diversos casos en España que resultan relevantes para mostrar el conflicto que existe entre la transparencia de las ‘Administraciones Públicas inteligentes’ y el derecho de acceso a la información, ya que se ha podido observar que sí existe una necesidad de saber cómo los procesos basados en estas IA deciden sobre la vida de los ciudadanos y el efecto que tienen sobre sus derechos y libertades, especialmente cuando estas IA ofrecen resultados inesperados.Una de las conclusiones a las que se llega tras revisar los casos estudiados es que si un sistema de Inteligencia Artificial no puede ser transparente, no debería ser usado por la Administración Pública, pues la eficiencia en la toma de decisiones administrativas no puede poner en riesgo los derechos y libertades de los ciudadanos
Technological development has provided the Public Administration with new tools: algorithms and Artificial Intelligence systems, which allow for the automation of procedures, the provision of information to citizens through web portals, or access to the administration without the limitation of physical spaces. However, these technological instruments that facilitate the effectiveness, efficiency and improve the quality of public management are not exempt from certain risks, since they are not infallible and, therefore, have a margin of error. At this point, the approach of this study arises on the need for the Public Administration to also be transparent in this aspect and allow access to public information on the use of these technologies. The justification for this new duty of the administration is found in the impact that the use of these systems has on the lives of citizens. In this paper we aim to analyse various cases in Spain that are relevant to show the conflict that exists between the transparency of ‘smart Public Administrations’ and the right of access to information, since it has been observed that there is a need to know how processes based on these AI decide on the lives of citizens and the effect they have on their rights and freedoms, especially when these AIs offer unexpected results. One of the conclusions reached after reviewing the cases studied is that if an Artificial Intelligence system cannot be transparent, it should not be used by the Public Administration, since efficiency in administrative decision-making cannot put citizens’ rights and freedoms at risk.
Technological development has provided the Public Administration with new tools: algorithms and Artificial Intelligence systems, which allow for the automation of procedures, the provision of information to citizens through web portals, or access to the administration without the limitation of physical spaces. However, these technological instruments that facilitate the effectiveness, efficiency and improve the quality of public management are not exempt from certain risks, since they are not infallible and, therefore, have a margin of error. At this point, the approach of this study arises on the need for the Public Administration to also be transparent in this aspect and allow access to public information on the use of these technologies. The justification for this new duty of the administration is found in the impact that the use of these systems has on the lives of citizens. In this paper we aim to analyse various cases in Spain that are relevant to show the conflict that exists between the transparency of ‘smart Public Administrations’ and the right of access to information, since it has been observed that there is a need to know how processes based on these AI decide on the lives of citizens and the effect they have on their rights and freedoms, especially when these AIs offer unexpected results. One of the conclusions reached after reviewing the cases studied is that if an Artificial Intelligence system cannot be transparent, it should not be used by the Public Administration, since efficiency in administrative decision-making cannot put citizens’ rights and freedoms at risk.











