Variabilidad en la práctica psicofarmacológica en un entorno de alta complejidad clínica: estudio observacional con evidencias del mundo real
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2026
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10/04/2026
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los pacientes institucionalizados en recursos asistenciales de larga estancia presentan una gran complejidad clínica, funcional y social, lo que plantea importantes desafíos en la atención sanitaria. En particular, los pacientes con trastornos mentales graves, con elevada presencia de comorbilidades psiquiátricas y médicas, altamente refractarios a los tratamientos estandarizados, con gran deterioro funcional, social y familiar, crónicos, disruptivos a nivel conductual y con baja prevalencia —que en este trabajo se conceptualizan como Pacientes de Alta Complejidad y Baja Prevalencia (PACyBP)— requieren una atención clínica individualizada que combine estabilidad terapéutica, racionalidad farmacológica y abordajes personalizados. Uno de los objetivos fundamentales en este contexto es garantizar la adecuación de los tratamientos farmacológicos a las recomendaciones de las principales guías de práctica clínica (GPC) basadas en la evidencia reduciendo al máximo la variabilidad en la práctica médica. Sin embargo, la aplicación directa de dichas guías a poblaciones altamente complejas plantea limitaciones tanto metodológicas como clínicas. Por ello, resulta fundamental analizar en qué medida se cumplen estas recomendaciones y qué características presentan los pacientes en función de dicho cumplimiento...
Institutionalized patients in long-term care settings present a high degree of clinical, functional, and social complexity, which poses significant challenges to healthcare delivery. In particular, patients with severe mental disorders—characterized by a high burden of psychiatric and medical comorbidities, marked refractoriness to standardized treatments, profound functional, social, and family deterioration, chronicity, behavioral dysregulation, and low prevalence—require individualized clinical care that integrates therapeutic stability, pharmacological rationality, and personalized approaches. In this thesis, such individuals are conceptualized as High-Complexity and Low-Prevalence Patients (PACyBP, by its Spanish acronym). One of the fundamental objectives in this context is to ensure that pharmacological treatments are aligned with the recommendations of major evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), while minimizing variability in medical practice. However, the direct application of these guidelines to highly complex populations entails both methodological and clinical limitations. Therefore, it is essential to assess the extent to which these recommendations are followed and to characterize the patients according to their degree of adherence...
Institutionalized patients in long-term care settings present a high degree of clinical, functional, and social complexity, which poses significant challenges to healthcare delivery. In particular, patients with severe mental disorders—characterized by a high burden of psychiatric and medical comorbidities, marked refractoriness to standardized treatments, profound functional, social, and family deterioration, chronicity, behavioral dysregulation, and low prevalence—require individualized clinical care that integrates therapeutic stability, pharmacological rationality, and personalized approaches. In this thesis, such individuals are conceptualized as High-Complexity and Low-Prevalence Patients (PACyBP, by its Spanish acronym). One of the fundamental objectives in this context is to ensure that pharmacological treatments are aligned with the recommendations of major evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), while minimizing variability in medical practice. However, the direct application of these guidelines to highly complex populations entails both methodological and clinical limitations. Therefore, it is essential to assess the extent to which these recommendations are followed and to characterize the patients according to their degree of adherence...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 10/04/2026












