El efecto del tsunami del año 1755 en el litoral de Conil de la Frontera (Cádiz)
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2004
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Comunidad de Madrid: Museo Arqueológico Regional
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Luque Ripoll, Luis de, et al. «El efecto del tsunami del año 1755 en el litoral de Conil de la Frontera (Cádiz)». Zona arqueológica, vol. 4, n.º 1, 2004, pp. 72-83.
Abstract
El terremoto de Lisboa del año 1755 tuvo como consecuencia un tsunami que devastó las costas del suroeste de la Península Ibérica y Marruecos. La costa de Conil de la Frontera (Cádiz) fue de las más afectadas por las olas en el litoral español. Existe abundante registro histórico de los daños acaecidos en la zona y el alcance de la inundación provocada por el tsunami. A partir de éste se puede deducir una altura de la ola de aproximadamente 8 m sobre el nivel alto de la marea. Esta altura de la ola implica un tsunami de magnitud 3 que se atribuye empíricamente a un terremoto de magnitud 8 a 8,5, lo que resulta coherente con el terremoto de Lisboa. El estudio geomorfológico del área muestra la presencia de dos abanicos de derrame de unos 300 m de longitud que se depositaron sobre la marisma y la llanura de inundación. Varios sondeos realizados en la zona permiten diferenciar sedimentos asociados a eventos marinos de pequeña magnitud como temporales de otros generados por el tsunami de 1755. Estos últimos depósitos constituyen uno de los escasos registros de la acción de tsunamis en las costas peninsulares españolas
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake generated a tsunami that flooded Southwest Iberian Peninsula and Morocco coasts. The coast of Conil de la Frontera (Cádiz) was one of the most affected by these waves in the Spanish littoral. There are abundant information about historical record, damages, and landscape transformation related with this catastrophic event. Based on these data it has been possible to deduce a maximum height of the wave (run-up) of approximately 8 m over high tide level. This height implies a tsunami magnitude 3 empirically attributed to an 8 at 8,5 magnitude earthquake. This is coherent with the Lisbon earthquake inferred magnitude. Geomorphological study in the area shows the existence of two washover fans about 300 m long that were originated after overwashing beach dunes and flooding high marshland and floodplain in the backshore. Sedimentological and palaeontological analysis on sediments come out from drill cores revealed the presence of several interbedded layers attributed to sedimentary events of smaller magnitude such as storm-waves. All of these evidence allow us to conclude that washover fan sediments were deposited by the tsunami of November 1755. These deposits constitute one of the scarce record of tsunami deposits in the Spanish peninsular coasts.
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake generated a tsunami that flooded Southwest Iberian Peninsula and Morocco coasts. The coast of Conil de la Frontera (Cádiz) was one of the most affected by these waves in the Spanish littoral. There are abundant information about historical record, damages, and landscape transformation related with this catastrophic event. Based on these data it has been possible to deduce a maximum height of the wave (run-up) of approximately 8 m over high tide level. This height implies a tsunami magnitude 3 empirically attributed to an 8 at 8,5 magnitude earthquake. This is coherent with the Lisbon earthquake inferred magnitude. Geomorphological study in the area shows the existence of two washover fans about 300 m long that were originated after overwashing beach dunes and flooding high marshland and floodplain in the backshore. Sedimentological and palaeontological analysis on sediments come out from drill cores revealed the presence of several interbedded layers attributed to sedimentary events of smaller magnitude such as storm-waves. All of these evidence allow us to conclude that washover fan sediments were deposited by the tsunami of November 1755. These deposits constitute one of the scarce record of tsunami deposits in the Spanish peninsular coasts.