Estudio estructural y funcional de proteínas formadoras de poros de venenos
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2021
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11/12/2020
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Las proteínas formadoras de poros (PFP) son una familia de toxinas capaces de matar células por choque osmótico, precisamente porque forman poros en sus membranas. En disolución acuosa, estas proteínas permanecen plegadas y estables. Al interactuar con un receptor específico de la membrana (proteína, lípido o azúcar), se unen a ella, oligomerizan y forman un poro a través del núcleo hidrófobo de la membrana. Las actinoporinas son α-PFPs producidas por anémonas marinas como parte de su cóctel venenoso. Son pequeñas (≈ 20 kDa) y suelen tener un punto isoeléctrico básico ( ≈ 9). Comparten un motivo conformacional común, caracterizado por un sándwich β flanqueado por dos hélices α. Su receptor de membrana específico es la esfingomielina. Cuando las actinoporinas se unen a una membrana que contiene este esfingolípido, extienden su segmento helicoidal N-terminal, oligomerizan y forman un poro selectivo de cationes, insertando sus hélices α del extremo N-terminal a través del núcleo de la membrana. Sin embargo, el orden específico de las etapas que conducen a la formación del poro, así como la naturaleza de posibles estados intermedios, o su estequiometría final, todavía son objeto de debate. Estas actinoporinas constituyen además familias multigénicas: una sola especie produce una variedad de toxinas similares que no necesariamente muestran una actividad lítica o una especificidad idénticas. Debido a su simplicidad, son un modelo apropiado para estudiar la todavía no bien comprendida transición de una proteína soluble en agua a un estado en el que se integra en membrana...
Pore forming proteins (PFPs) are a family of toxins that form pores in cell membranes leading to cell death by osmotic shock. These proteins remain stably folded and soluble in aqueous solution. Upon interaction with a specific receptor in the membrane (protein, lipid or sugar), they bind, oligomerize and form a pore through the membrane hydrophobic core.Actinoporins are α-PFPs produced by sea anemones as part of their venomous cocktail. They are small (≈ 20 kDa) and usually have a basic isoelectric point ( ≈ 9). They share a common fold characterized by a β-sandwich flanked by two α-helices. Their specific membrane receptor is sphingomyelin. When actinoporins bind to a membrane containing this sphingolipid, they extend their N-terminal α-helical segment, oligomerize and form a cation selective pore by inserting the α-helices through the membrane core. However, the specific step order leading to a final pore, the necessity of a pre-pore and the final stoichiometry are still debated. Actinoporins constitute multigene families: A single species produces a variety of similar toxins which not necessarily display identical lytic activity or specificity. Because of their simplicity, they are an appropriate model to study the biophysical challenging transition from a water-soluble protein to a membrane bound state...
Pore forming proteins (PFPs) are a family of toxins that form pores in cell membranes leading to cell death by osmotic shock. These proteins remain stably folded and soluble in aqueous solution. Upon interaction with a specific receptor in the membrane (protein, lipid or sugar), they bind, oligomerize and form a pore through the membrane hydrophobic core.Actinoporins are α-PFPs produced by sea anemones as part of their venomous cocktail. They are small (≈ 20 kDa) and usually have a basic isoelectric point ( ≈ 9). They share a common fold characterized by a β-sandwich flanked by two α-helices. Their specific membrane receptor is sphingomyelin. When actinoporins bind to a membrane containing this sphingolipid, they extend their N-terminal α-helical segment, oligomerize and form a cation selective pore by inserting the α-helices through the membrane core. However, the specific step order leading to a final pore, the necessity of a pre-pore and the final stoichiometry are still debated. Actinoporins constitute multigene families: A single species produces a variety of similar toxins which not necessarily display identical lytic activity or specificity. Because of their simplicity, they are an appropriate model to study the biophysical challenging transition from a water-soluble protein to a membrane bound state...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, leída el 11-12-2020.