Patrones de preservación en vertebrados fósiles de los yacimientos de las Hoces de Beteta (Cretácico Inferior, Cuenca): implicaciones tafonómicas y paleoambientales
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2017
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2017
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Díaz Martínez, Ernesto J. Patrones de preservación en vertebrados fósiles de los yacimientos de las Hoces de Beteta (Cretácico Inferior, Cuenca): implicaciones tafonómicas y paleoambientales. 2017. docta.ucm.es, https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/101463.
Abstract
Durante los últimos años, se han descubierto numerosos yacimientos nuevos en España, como es el caso de las Hoces de Beteta (Cuenca), formados en un antiguo sistema aluvial del Cretácico Inferior (Barremiense superior). Aquí, se pueden encontrar restos fósiles de carofi-tas, plantas, ostrácodos, moluscos y vertebrados, como peces, anfibios, tortugas, cocodrilifor-mes y dinosaurios. Estos vertebrados aparecen en su mayoría como macrorrestos dispersos en la superficie de los afloramientos, los cuales han sido utilizados para este trabajo. Así, se han establecido dos hipótesis con el fin de conocer los procesos que acumularon y formaron dichos fósiles y establecer si los restos se encontraban en conexión o desconexión anatómica cuando se formaron los yacimientos. Para ello, se han analizado los rasgos tafonómicos ob-servables a escala macroscópica en estos restos, comparándolos entre los fósiles de los tres yacimientos del estudio, Vadillos-1, Vadillos-2 y El Tobar. Después, se contrastaron los resul-tados de este estudio con los proporcionados por la bibliografía relacionada. Se observó que la mayoría de las roturas se produjeron antes del enterramiento, al igual que el redondea-miento, el cual es muy acusado. La formación de matrices es mayor en el yacimiento de Va-dillos-1. Al analizar el tamaño de los fósiles no se observó selección de tamaños dentro de los yacimientos. Tampoco se encontraron signos de reelaboración en los restos. Además, la ma-yoría de ellos son elementos apendiculares, y aquellos fósiles que pudieron clasificarse se asignaron a los taxones Testudines, Cocodriliformes y Dinosauria, siendo este último grupo el más representativo. Todo esto indica que la mayoría del material pudo sufrir un largo trans-porte antes del enterramiento. Aparentemente, este transporte fue favorecido principalmente por la densidad de los huesos, ya que cuanta menos agua hubieran absorbido, mayor flotabi-lidad tendrían, y serían transportados con mayor facilidad. Por ello, el tamaño de los huesos habría afectado en menor medida al transporte, provocando la ausencia de selección de ta-maños en los yacimientos de las Hoces de Beteta.
During the last years, many new outcrops have been discovered in Spain, as the Hoces de Beteta sites (Cuenca), developed in an old alluvial system of the Lower Cretaceous (upper Barremian). Here, fossil remains of carophytes, plants, ostracods, molluscs and vertebrates, such as fishes, amphibians, turtles, crocodyliforms and dinosaurs can be found. These verte-brates appear mostly as macroscopic remains scattered on the outcrops surface, wich have been used for this work. Two hypotheses have been proposed to know the processes that formed and accumulated these fossils and to stablish if the remains were in anatomical con-nection or disconnection when the deposits were formed. Thus, the taphonomic traits observed on the macroscopic scale in this remains have been analyzed, comparing them between the fossils of the three sites of the study, Vadillos-1, Vadillos-2, and El Tobar. After, the results of this study were compared with the results of the related bibliography. It was observed that the breaks ocurred before the burial, as well as the rounding, wich is very pronounced. The forma-tion of matrices are higher in Vadillos-1 site. Analyzing the size of the fossils, it was not obser-ved sizes selection within the outcrops. No signs of rework neither were found in the remains. In addition, most of them are appendicular elements, and those that could be classified were assigned to the taxa Testudines, Crocodiliforms and Dinosauria, this last group being the most representative. This indicates that most of the material could undergo a large transport before the burial. Apparently this transport was favored mainly by the bones density, because the less water they had absorbed, the more floatability they would have, and they would be transported more easily. Therefore, the sizes of the bones would have affected less to the transport, cau-sing the absence of size selection in the outcrops of the Hoces de Beteta.
During the last years, many new outcrops have been discovered in Spain, as the Hoces de Beteta sites (Cuenca), developed in an old alluvial system of the Lower Cretaceous (upper Barremian). Here, fossil remains of carophytes, plants, ostracods, molluscs and vertebrates, such as fishes, amphibians, turtles, crocodyliforms and dinosaurs can be found. These verte-brates appear mostly as macroscopic remains scattered on the outcrops surface, wich have been used for this work. Two hypotheses have been proposed to know the processes that formed and accumulated these fossils and to stablish if the remains were in anatomical con-nection or disconnection when the deposits were formed. Thus, the taphonomic traits observed on the macroscopic scale in this remains have been analyzed, comparing them between the fossils of the three sites of the study, Vadillos-1, Vadillos-2, and El Tobar. After, the results of this study were compared with the results of the related bibliography. It was observed that the breaks ocurred before the burial, as well as the rounding, wich is very pronounced. The forma-tion of matrices are higher in Vadillos-1 site. Analyzing the size of the fossils, it was not obser-ved sizes selection within the outcrops. No signs of rework neither were found in the remains. In addition, most of them are appendicular elements, and those that could be classified were assigned to the taxa Testudines, Crocodiliforms and Dinosauria, this last group being the most representative. This indicates that most of the material could undergo a large transport before the burial. Apparently this transport was favored mainly by the bones density, because the less water they had absorbed, the more floatability they would have, and they would be transported more easily. Therefore, the sizes of the bones would have affected less to the transport, cau-sing the absence of size selection in the outcrops of the Hoces de Beteta.