Nuevos sistemas optimizados de bulones para túneles
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Publication date
2022
Defense date
2022
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Abstract
Los bulones, pernos de roca o anclajes de barra, constituyen una de las técnicas más utilizadas en ingeniería civil para la estabilización de techos y paredes en la construcción de túneles, dada la sencillez, rapidez y menor coste respecto a otras técnicas de sostenimiento. Aunque existen diversos tipos, la mayoría de normativas, guías y manuales hablan exclusivamente de los anclajes de barra inyectados con lechada de cemento, dejando de lado a los demás, en parte porque estas guías tienen más de 20 años y se han quedado obsoletas e incompletas. El propósito de este trabajo de fin de máster es el de sintetizar toda la información disponible sobre los diferentes
sistemas de bulones para túneles: expansión hidráulica, tipo Swellex, compresión, tipo Split Set, autoperforantes, de fibra de vidrio, con cartuchos de resina y mecánicos o de anclaje puntual. Para ello, se ha hecho una recopilación bibliográfica de documentos técnicos, libros, normativas y manuales de las propias empresas de fabricación, con el fin de aclarar las dudas sobre el diseño y la ejecución, así como las ventajas y desventajas de cada sistema. Con todo ello, este documento aporta la suficiente información detallada para servir de guía a la hora de escoger el sistema de bulón más apropiado según las necesidades de la obra y las condiciones geotécnicas del túnel.
Bolts, rock bolts or bar anchors are one of the most widely used techniques in civil engineering for the stabilization of roofs and sidewalls in tunnel construction, due to their simplicity, speed and lower cost compared to other support techniques. Although there are several types, most standards, guides and manuals speak exclusively of cement grouted bar anchors, leaving aside the others, partly because these guides are more than 20 years old and have become obsolete and incomplete. The purpose of this master's thesis is to synthesize all the available information on the different tunnel bolting systems: hydraulic expansion, Swellex type, compression, Split Set type, self-drilling bars, fiberglass bolts, resin cartridge bolts and mechanical or point anchor bolts. For this purpose, a bibliographic compilation of technical documents, books, regulations and manuals of the manufacturing companies themselves has been made, in order to clarify doubts about the design, execution and advantages and disadvantages of each system. With all this, this document provides enough detailed information to serve as a guide when choosing the most appropriate bolting system according to the needs of the work and the geotechnical conditions of the tunnel.
Bolts, rock bolts or bar anchors are one of the most widely used techniques in civil engineering for the stabilization of roofs and sidewalls in tunnel construction, due to their simplicity, speed and lower cost compared to other support techniques. Although there are several types, most standards, guides and manuals speak exclusively of cement grouted bar anchors, leaving aside the others, partly because these guides are more than 20 years old and have become obsolete and incomplete. The purpose of this master's thesis is to synthesize all the available information on the different tunnel bolting systems: hydraulic expansion, Swellex type, compression, Split Set type, self-drilling bars, fiberglass bolts, resin cartridge bolts and mechanical or point anchor bolts. For this purpose, a bibliographic compilation of technical documents, books, regulations and manuals of the manufacturing companies themselves has been made, in order to clarify doubts about the design, execution and advantages and disadvantages of each system. With all this, this document provides enough detailed information to serve as a guide when choosing the most appropriate bolting system according to the needs of the work and the geotechnical conditions of the tunnel.