Caracterización petrográfica y petrofísica de los principales conglomerantes (aéreos e hidráulicos) usados en la actualidad como morteros
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2020
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2020
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Identificar las principales características petrográficas y petrofísicas, permite diferenciar y categorizar según su calidad y dureza, conglomerantes aéreos e hidráulicos (cales naturales y cementos artificiales), en este caso los más utilizados en el panorama actual de la construcción y rehabilitación. Se ha realizado un estudio comparativo que permite contrastar sus respectivas calidades y establecer sus usos más adecuados mediante el uso de técnicas y ensayos normalizados, capaces de analizar tanto los morteros como los conglomerantes desde un punto de vista petrográfico, petrofísico y mecánico. Se ha evaluado no solo su calidad, sino también su resistencia mecánica a partir de parámetros como su porosidad, que permite el acceso del agua a su interior, y la presencia de sales en su composición; agua y sales son los dos agentes de deterioro más importantes e incontrolables en construcciones tanto históricas como modernas. A pesar de que los materiales de construcción deben poseer buenas propiedades mecánicas, estos y su puesta en obra deben ser evaluados desde el punto de vista de su calidad y compatibilidad, para así evitar sobrecostes por utilizaciones indebidas. Se ha hecho además una recopilación histórica, para dar testimonio de como ya en la antigüedad fue posible la utilización de materiales con buenas propiedades físicas y mecánicas sin que estos fueran potencialmente favorecedores de patologías de deterioro; sirviendo este trabajo de apoyo a la reivindicación de la buena caracterización de los materiales, que parte del mal uso de estos incluso en el campo de la restauración.
Identifying the main petrographic and petrophysical characteristics allows to distinguish and categorise, according to their quality and hardness, the most used air and hydraulic binders in the current state of construction and rehabilitation activities (natural limes and artificial cements). A comparative study has been undertaken in order to contrast their respective qualities and establish their most suitable application by using standardized techniques and tests,which are capable of analyzing both mortars and binders from a petrographic, petrophysical and a mechanical point of view. In addition to its quality properties, the mechanical resistance has also been evaluated by taking into account parameters such as porosity, which allows water access to its interior and the presence of salts in its composition due to the fact that water and salts are the two most important and uncontrollable agents of deterioration in both historical and modern constructions. Regardless of the fact that construction materials must have good mechanical properties, their performance during the cycle of life on site must be evaluated from the point of view of their quality and compatibility so that extra costs due to improper use can be avoided. A historical compilation has also been made, to give testimony of how it was possible to use materials with good mechanical properties without being potentially conducive to deterioration pathologies in ancient times; serving this work to support the claim of a good characterization of materials, which starts from avoid using modern conventional construction materials in the field of restoration.
Identifying the main petrographic and petrophysical characteristics allows to distinguish and categorise, according to their quality and hardness, the most used air and hydraulic binders in the current state of construction and rehabilitation activities (natural limes and artificial cements). A comparative study has been undertaken in order to contrast their respective qualities and establish their most suitable application by using standardized techniques and tests,which are capable of analyzing both mortars and binders from a petrographic, petrophysical and a mechanical point of view. In addition to its quality properties, the mechanical resistance has also been evaluated by taking into account parameters such as porosity, which allows water access to its interior and the presence of salts in its composition due to the fact that water and salts are the two most important and uncontrollable agents of deterioration in both historical and modern constructions. Regardless of the fact that construction materials must have good mechanical properties, their performance during the cycle of life on site must be evaluated from the point of view of their quality and compatibility so that extra costs due to improper use can be avoided. A historical compilation has also been made, to give testimony of how it was possible to use materials with good mechanical properties without being potentially conducive to deterioration pathologies in ancient times; serving this work to support the claim of a good characterization of materials, which starts from avoid using modern conventional construction materials in the field of restoration.