La UME en X/Twitter: comunicación estratégica y seguridad nacional en los incendios forestales de 2025
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2026
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Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaría General Técnica
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Rodríguez Hernández, J., y Ortega Fernández, E. (2026). La UME en X/Twitter: comunicación estratégica y seguridad nacional en los incendios forestales de 2025. Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos, 26. 81-104.
Abstract
Este artículo analiza la comunicación estratégica de la Unidad Militar de Emergencias (UME) en X (antes Twitter) durante los incendios forestales que afectaron a España en julio y agosto de 2025, en uno de los episodios más graves de las últimas décadas. El estudio parte de la premisa de que la comunicación institucional en redes sociales es un recurso fundamental para reforzar la transparencia, la legitimidad y la confianza ciudadana en contextos de crisis que comprometen la seguridad nacional.
El corpus de análisis incluye 175 tuits publicados por la cuenta oficial @UMEgob, recopilados mediante scraping y examinados a través de un enfoque mixto. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de frecuencia y engagement, una clasificación temática adaptada a la literatura sobre comunicación de crisis, y un análisis semántico mediante el software de análisis de datos Graphext.
Los resultados muestran que la estrategia comunicativa de la UME fue eminentemente reactiva y operativa, con picos de actividad coincidentes con los momentos de mayor gravedad de los incendios. Predominaron los mensajes informativos sobre despliegues y recursos, que obtuvieron el mayor nivel de interacción ciudadana. Los valores institucionales y las referencias territoriales reforzaron la legitimidad de la institución. No obstante, la escasa presencia de mensajes preventivos evidencia un enfoque centrado en la respuesta inmediata más que en la preparación ciudadana.
This article analyses the strategic communication of the Military Emergency Unit (UME) on X (formerly Twitter) during the forest fires that affected Spain in July and August 2025, in one of the most serious episodes in recent decades. The study is based on the premise that institutional communication on social media is a fundamental resource for reinforcing transparency, legitimacy and public trust in crisis situations that compromise national security. The corpus of analysis includes 175 tweets published by the official @UMEgob account, collected through scraping and examined using a mixed approach. A descriptive analysis of frequency and engagement was carried out, along with a thematic classification adapted to the literature on crisis communication and a semantic analysis using Graphext data analysis software. The results show that the UME’s communication strategy was eminently reactive and operational, with peaks of activity coinciding with the most serious moments of the fires. Informative messages about deployments and resources predominated, obtaining the highest level of citizen interaction. Institutional values and territorial references reinforced the legitimacy of the institution. However, the scarcity of preventive messages indicates an approach focused on immediate response rather than citizen preparedness.
This article analyses the strategic communication of the Military Emergency Unit (UME) on X (formerly Twitter) during the forest fires that affected Spain in July and August 2025, in one of the most serious episodes in recent decades. The study is based on the premise that institutional communication on social media is a fundamental resource for reinforcing transparency, legitimacy and public trust in crisis situations that compromise national security. The corpus of analysis includes 175 tweets published by the official @UMEgob account, collected through scraping and examined using a mixed approach. A descriptive analysis of frequency and engagement was carried out, along with a thematic classification adapted to the literature on crisis communication and a semantic analysis using Graphext data analysis software. The results show that the UME’s communication strategy was eminently reactive and operational, with peaks of activity coinciding with the most serious moments of the fires. Informative messages about deployments and resources predominated, obtaining the highest level of citizen interaction. Institutional values and territorial references reinforced the legitimacy of the institution. However, the scarcity of preventive messages indicates an approach focused on immediate response rather than citizen preparedness.













