Caracterización clínica y funcional de las inmunodeficiencias primarias y sus implicaciones terapéuticas
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2023
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17/05/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las inmunodeficiencias primarias (IDP) o errores innatos de la inmunidad (EII) consisten en el defecto por número o función, exceso o defecto, en las células del sistema inmune, constituyendo 485 entidades diferenciadas en la actualidad. El retraso diagnóstico se puede acortar con la implementación de las técnicas de secuenciación masiva gracias a la disminución de los costes de secuenciación. Mediante este abordaje se identifican 4 familias con 3 defectos monogénicos distintos: NFKB1, NHEJ1 y PIK3R1. Se analizan las características clínicas, inmunológicas y genéticas de los pacientes incluidos y se comparan con las cohortes de la literatura y las comorbilidades de los pacientes, tanto con inmunodeficiencia variable común como con deficiencias celulares (con sus complicaciones más habituales: infección oportunista, desregulación y cáncer), así como los defectos inmunológicos intrínsecos subyacentes (cambio de clase, hipermutación somática, recombinación VDJ, inmunosenescencia y el binomio reparación DNA-radiosensibilidad). Los pacientes con EII en general y las familias incluidas en este trabajo en particular muestran fenómenos de penetrancia incompleta y expresividad variable. Se discuten las alternativas terapéuticas a partir de dichos defectos monogénicos y la toma de decisiones a partir de la variabilidad del fenotipo (clínico, inmunológico y genético) para hacer posible el empleo de una medicina personalizada...
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) or inborn errors of immunity (IEI) consist of defect by number or function, excess or defect, in the cells of the immune system, constituting 485 differentiated entities at present. This approach identifies 4 families with 3 distinct monogenic defects: NFKB1, NHEJ1 and PIK3R1. Clinical, immunological and genetic characteristics of the patients included in the present text are analyzed and compared with literature cohorts and the comorbidities of patients with both common variable immunodeficiency and cellular deficiencies (with their most common complications: opportunistic infection, dysregulation and cancer), as well as the underlying intrinsic immunological defects (class switching, somatic hypermutation, VDJ recombination, immunosenescence and the DNA repair-radiosensitivity binomial). IBD patients in general and the families included in this work in particular show phenomena of incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Therapeutic alternatives based on these monogenic defects and decision making based on phenotype variability (clinical, immunological and genetic) are discussed in order to make possible the use of personalized medicine...
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) or inborn errors of immunity (IEI) consist of defect by number or function, excess or defect, in the cells of the immune system, constituting 485 differentiated entities at present. This approach identifies 4 families with 3 distinct monogenic defects: NFKB1, NHEJ1 and PIK3R1. Clinical, immunological and genetic characteristics of the patients included in the present text are analyzed and compared with literature cohorts and the comorbidities of patients with both common variable immunodeficiency and cellular deficiencies (with their most common complications: opportunistic infection, dysregulation and cancer), as well as the underlying intrinsic immunological defects (class switching, somatic hypermutation, VDJ recombination, immunosenescence and the DNA repair-radiosensitivity binomial). IBD patients in general and the families included in this work in particular show phenomena of incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Therapeutic alternatives based on these monogenic defects and decision making based on phenotype variability (clinical, immunological and genetic) are discussed in order to make possible the use of personalized medicine...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 17-05-2023. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)