Bezafibrate-induced anaphylactic shock. Unusual clinical presentation

Abstract

We report a case of a patient who suffered generalized urticaria, chest tightness, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and loss of consciousness. Two hours earlier she had taken Eulitop Retard® following lunch. She had tolerated all the implicated food after the reaction. Allergy evaluation revealed intense positive responses to intradermal tests with bezafibrate active component and Eulitop Retard® (skin tests in control subjects were negative). Specific lgE tests (RAST) to Eulitop Retard® were negative. An lgE mechanism is suggested to be responsible for this adverse reaction on the basis of the positive skin tests. The delayed onset (two hours) of this anaphylactic shock is unusual. Although infrequent, it may be caused by the specific pharmacokinetic characteristics of this drug, which is a slow releasing agent, mainly absorbed in the gut. The drug was taken just after lunch, and this concomitant food ingestion could also have produced a delay in gastric drainage and a retarded drug absorption. An lgE-mediated accelerated type reaction could also explain this delay. Apparently the patient reacted after the first contact to the drug, and the absence of a sensitization period is not usual in this type of immune response. Finally, we recommend the performance of prick and intradermal skin tests prior to any systemic challenge when allergic reactions to fibric acid derivatives are suspected.