¿Conflictiva relación entre Espacio Natural Protegido y Paisaje Rural Cultural?
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2021
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Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte
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Abstract
Los paisajes rurales culturales son el fenosistema de un conjunto de procesos socioecológicos (criptosistema) que han
coevolucionado a lo largo de la historia. Esto es muy patente en la región mediterránea, donde los paradigmas de la conservación de la naturaleza valoran, sin embargo, estos paisajes de forma desigual. Estudios del área de influencia de la sierra de Guadarrama y sus Espacios Naturales Protegidos permiten afirmar que las políticas de conservación estrictas, centradas en la idea de preservar la naturalidad y la biodiversidad, son contraproducentes para conservar paisajes que, precisamente, son decisivos para mantener estos valores. Conflictos entre diferentes perspectivas de la conservación permiten, además, detectar incoherencias en los esquemas de regulación de los propios espacios naturales protegidos, como la promoción y prohibición de una misma actividad en el mismo territorio. Es urgente llevar a cabo políticas de protección claras que consideren las relaciones socioecológicas, especialmente relevantes en la mayor parte del territorio mediterráneo.
Mediterranean cultural landscapes are the phenosystem of social-ecological processes (cryptosystem) that have coevolved throughout history. However, not all conservation paradigms assign the same value to cultural landscapes. Based on a longstanding research in the area of influence of the Guadarrama Mountain Range and its Protected Areas, we can see that strict conservation policies, focused on the idea of preserving biodiversity and naturalness, are counterproductive to preserve the landscapes that have originated those natural values. Furthermore, due to conflicts between different conservation paradigms, there are incoherencies in Protected Areas regulation schemes, such as the promotion and prohibition of the same activity in the same territory. We claim the need of clear protection measures based on a change in protection paradigms founded in social-ecological relationships, particularly relevant in the cultural landscapes of the Mediterranean basin.
Mediterranean cultural landscapes are the phenosystem of social-ecological processes (cryptosystem) that have coevolved throughout history. However, not all conservation paradigms assign the same value to cultural landscapes. Based on a longstanding research in the area of influence of the Guadarrama Mountain Range and its Protected Areas, we can see that strict conservation policies, focused on the idea of preserving biodiversity and naturalness, are counterproductive to preserve the landscapes that have originated those natural values. Furthermore, due to conflicts between different conservation paradigms, there are incoherencies in Protected Areas regulation schemes, such as the promotion and prohibition of the same activity in the same territory. We claim the need of clear protection measures based on a change in protection paradigms founded in social-ecological relationships, particularly relevant in the cultural landscapes of the Mediterranean basin.
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El estudio en que se basa este artículo se llevó a cabo gracias al proyecto CULTURESCAPES (H2015 / HUH-3383; UPM-UCM), financiado por el Fondo Social Europeo y el Gobierno Regional de Madrid, y la ayuda de ECOGRADIENTS (GL2014-53782-P; UAM-UCM), financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.












