Modelización atmosférica urbana mediante modelos de dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD)
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2025
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Abstract
En este trabajo se evalúa la dispersión de contaminantes atmosféricos provenientes del tráfico en un entorno urbano representativo del centro de Madrid durante un episodio de ola de calor, mediante simulaciones de Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD) que resuelven explícitamente los efectos térmicos en la atmósfera. Se simulan ocho escenarios con distintas direcciones y velocidades del viento y diferentes estados térmicos iniciales de la envolvente de los edificios. Los resultados muestran como el calentamiento de las fachadas aumenta la turbulencia y acelera el flujo, mejorando la ventilación de las calles y reduciendo las concentraciones de contaminantes a la altura de los peatones. Las mayores concentraciones se localizan en las zonas de remanso y en las proximidades de las fachadas con flujo ascendente. La influencia del estado térmico inicial de la envolvente de los edificios es un factor a tener en cuenta en este tipo de simulaciones. La dirección y velocidad del viento determinan en qué calles los efectos térmicos pueden contribuir a aumentar la ventilación en función de la hora del día.
In this work, the dispersion of air pollutants from traffic in a representative urban environment of central Madrid during a heat wave episode is evaluated. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations that explicitly resolve the thermal effects in the atmosphere are used for such purpose. Eight scenarios with different wind directions and speeds and different initial thermal states of the building envelope are simulated. The results show how the heating of the urban surfaces increases turbulence and accelerates flow, improving street ventilation and reducing pollutant concentrations at pedestrian height. The highest concentrations are located leeward and in the vicinity of upflow walls. The influence of the initial thermal state of the building envelope is a factor to take into account in this type of simulations. Wind direction and wind speed determine in which streets thermal effects can contribute to increase ventilation depending on the time of day.
In this work, the dispersion of air pollutants from traffic in a representative urban environment of central Madrid during a heat wave episode is evaluated. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations that explicitly resolve the thermal effects in the atmosphere are used for such purpose. Eight scenarios with different wind directions and speeds and different initial thermal states of the building envelope are simulated. The results show how the heating of the urban surfaces increases turbulence and accelerates flow, improving street ventilation and reducing pollutant concentrations at pedestrian height. The highest concentrations are located leeward and in the vicinity of upflow walls. The influence of the initial thermal state of the building envelope is a factor to take into account in this type of simulations. Wind direction and wind speed determine in which streets thermal effects can contribute to increase ventilation depending on the time of day.











