La apatía en la demencia frontotemporal y la enfermedad de Alzheimer: estudio clínico y de neuroimagen funcional
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2017
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13/07/2016
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La apatía es uno de los síndromes neuropsiquiátricos más frecuentes e invalidantes de las demencias, y puede presentarse en cualquier estadio de la enfermedad. La presencia de la apatía en enfermedades neurodegenerativas se ha relacionado con una mayor morbilidad y un peor pronóstico, y con una mayor carga de estrés para el cuidador. Recientemente, se han propuesto unos criterios clínicos para el diagnóstico de apatía en la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y otros trastornos neuropsiquiátricos. De acuerdo con la clasificación original de Marin, estos criterios se organizan en torno a tres dominios y resaltan la necesidad de una evaluación multidimensional de la apatía. Actualmente, la literatura existente acepta que se pueden distinguir tres subtipos o dimensiones de la apatía, asociados a disfunción de diferentes circuitos neurales: apatía cognitiva, apatía emocional y apatía por disfunción en la autoactivación. En castellano, tan sólo existen dos escalas validadas en demencias que evalúen la apatía desde un punto de vista multidimensional: la Lillés Apathy Rating Scale (LARS) y la Apathy Scale for Institutionalized Patients with Dementia Nursing Home version (APADEM-NH). La escala APADEM-NH está diseñada para evaluar la apatía en pacientes institucionalizados con EA mediante la entrevista a un cuidador profesional, por lo que no es válida para pacientes ambulatorios. La LARS consta de nueve dominios o subescalas (“Productividad diaria”, “Aficiones”, “Tomar la iniciativa”, “Búsqueda de novedades”, “Motivación”, “Respuesta emocional”, “Preocupación”, “Vida social” y “Autoconsciencia”), que pueden combinarse para calcular cuatro dimensiones de la apatía: “Curiosidad intelectual”, “Emoción”, “Iniciativa de acción” y “Autoconsciencia”. La versión en castellano de la LARS ha sido recientemente validada por nuestro grupo en una cohorte de pacientes con demencia, mostrando excelentes propiedades psicométricas...
Apathy is one of the most common and disabling syndromes of dementia, and presents at all stages of the disease. In neurodegenerative diseases, apathy is considered as an important source of morbidity that predicts clinical worsening and bad prognosis, and is generally accompanied by greater caregiver distress. A recent international consensus has proposed a set of new diagnostic criteria for apathy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neuropsychiatric disorders (2009). According with Marińs original classification, these criteria include three symptomdomains and highlight the need for multidimensional assessment. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of objective tools to evaluate the different subtypes and many methods typically assess apathy as a non-dimensional concept. In Spanish, the only established apathy measures following a multidimensional apathetic structure are the Lillés Apathy Rating Scale (LARS) and the Apathy Scale for Institutionalized Patients with Dementia Nursing Home version (APADEM-NH). The APADEM-NH has been specifically designed for assessing apathy in institutionalized patients with AD through an interview with a professional caregiver, so it does not apply for ambulatory patients. The LARS includes 33 items grouped in nine domains (“Reduction in everyday productivity”, “Lack of interest”, “Lack of initiative”, “Extinction of novelty seeking”, “Motivation”, “Blunting of emotional responses”, “Lack of concern”, “Poor social life”, and “Extinction of self-awareness”), that can be combined to calculate four factors or dimensions of apathy: “Intellectual curiosity” (IC), “Emotion” (E), “Action initiation” (AI) and “Self-awareness” (SA). Our group have recently published the validation of the LARS in a dementia cohort, which demonstrated excellent psychometric properties...
Apathy is one of the most common and disabling syndromes of dementia, and presents at all stages of the disease. In neurodegenerative diseases, apathy is considered as an important source of morbidity that predicts clinical worsening and bad prognosis, and is generally accompanied by greater caregiver distress. A recent international consensus has proposed a set of new diagnostic criteria for apathy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neuropsychiatric disorders (2009). According with Marińs original classification, these criteria include three symptomdomains and highlight the need for multidimensional assessment. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of objective tools to evaluate the different subtypes and many methods typically assess apathy as a non-dimensional concept. In Spanish, the only established apathy measures following a multidimensional apathetic structure are the Lillés Apathy Rating Scale (LARS) and the Apathy Scale for Institutionalized Patients with Dementia Nursing Home version (APADEM-NH). The APADEM-NH has been specifically designed for assessing apathy in institutionalized patients with AD through an interview with a professional caregiver, so it does not apply for ambulatory patients. The LARS includes 33 items grouped in nine domains (“Reduction in everyday productivity”, “Lack of interest”, “Lack of initiative”, “Extinction of novelty seeking”, “Motivation”, “Blunting of emotional responses”, “Lack of concern”, “Poor social life”, and “Extinction of self-awareness”), that can be combined to calculate four factors or dimensions of apathy: “Intellectual curiosity” (IC), “Emotion” (E), “Action initiation” (AI) and “Self-awareness” (SA). Our group have recently published the validation of the LARS in a dementia cohort, which demonstrated excellent psychometric properties...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, leída el 13-07-2016