Temperature thresholds induce abrupt shifts in biodiversity and ecosystem services in montane ecosystems worldwide

Abstract

Studying the extent to which local temperature differences induce gradual versus abrupt shifts in montane biodiversity and ecosystem services across global environments is crucial for understanding their responses to global warming. Through a global synthesis of 290 elevation gradients, we found evidence for pervasive abrupt shifts in biodiversity and ecosystem services in response to local temperature variations along elevation gradients. We identified critical temperature thresholds that can trigger abrupt responses of montane biodiversity and ecosystem services to local temperature variations. Our work underscores the urgency of integrating local climatic variability into conservation strategies to safeguard these ecologically vital areas, particularly in regions likely to surpass the identified temperature thresholds in the future.