Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide Among Adolescents: Sex Differences and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Depression and anxiety are two disorders that significantly increase the risk of suicidal behavior. The disparity between females and males in the prevalence of these disorders becomes more pronounced from adolescence onwards. Specifically, risk factors associated with suicidal behavior in adolescent females are often linked to anxiety and depression, whereas in males, these behaviors are more frequently associated with other types of disorders, such as disruptive behavior. Furthermore, there are notable sex differences in the efficacy and acceptance of treatments aimed at preventing suicidal behavior. This review examines the sex differences in the relationship between depression, anxiety disorders, and suicidal risk in adolescents. Specifically, it aims to identify key risk factors influencing suicide vulnerability across sexes and assess the efficacy of current treatment approaches in mitigating these sex specific risks.