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Trigger and aperture of the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

dc.contributor.authorArqueros Martínez, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorBlanco Ramos, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Pinto, Diego
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz Ramis, Montserrat
dc.contributor.authorRosado Vélez, Jaime
dc.contributor.authorVázquez Peñas, José Ramón
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-20T04:17:57Z
dc.date.available2023-06-20T04:17:57Z
dc.date.issued2010-01-21
dc.description& 2009 Elsevier B.V. Artículo firmado por más de 10 autores. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organisations for financial support: Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Fundacion Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo A Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil: AVCR AVOZ10100502 and AV0Z101100522, GAAV KJB300100801 and KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Departement Sciences de I'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico: Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, and PAP/218/2006, Poland; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK: Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA: ALFA-EC / HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO.
dc.description.abstractThe surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, for the study of extensive air showers (EAS) generated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We describe the trigger hierarchy, from the identification of candidate showers at the level of a single detector, amongst a large background (mainly random single cosmic ray muons), up to the selection of real events and the rejection of random coincidences. Such trigger makes the surface detector array fully efficient for the detection of EAS with energy above 3 x 10(18) eV, for all zenith angles between 0 degrees and 60 degrees, independently of the position of the impact point and of the mass of the primary particle. In these range of energies and angles, the exposure of the surface array can be determined purely on the basis of the geometrical acceptance. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
dc.description.departmentDepto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica
dc.description.facultyFac. de Ciencias Físicas
dc.description.refereedTRUE
dc.description.sponsorshipUnión Europea. FP7
dc.description.sponsorshipCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
dc.description.sponsorshipConseil Regional Ile-de-France Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire PNC-IN2P3/CNRS Departement Sciences de I'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France
dc.description.sponsorshipBundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
dc.description.sponsorshipDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
dc.description.sponsorshipFinanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg
dc.description.sponsorshipHelmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung Nordrhein-Westfalen
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterium fur Wissenschaft
dc.description.sponsorshipForschung und Kunst
dc.description.sponsorshipBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany
dc.description.sponsorshipIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistry of Science and Higher Education
dc.description.sponsorshipFundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia
dc.description.sponsorshipConsejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha
dc.description.sponsorshipFEDER funds
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovacion
dc.description.sponsorshipXunta de Galicia, Spain
dc.description.sponsorshipScience and Technology Facilities Council, UK: Department of Energy
dc.description.sponsorshipALFA-EC / HELEN
dc.description.statuspub
dc.eprint.idhttps://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/39405
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.nima.2009.11.018
dc.identifier.issn0168-9002
dc.identifier.officialurlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.11.018
dc.identifier.relatedurlhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/45142
dc.issue.number1
dc.journal.titleNuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators spectrometers detectors and associated equipment
dc.language.isoeng
dc.page.final39
dc.page.initial29
dc.publisherElsevier Science BV
dc.relation.projectIDAUGERCRSOURCE (220240)
dc.relation.projectIDIN2P3/CNRS
dc.relation.projectID1 P03 D 014 30
dc.relation.projectIDN202 090 31/0623
dc.relation.projectIDPAP/218/2006
dc.relation.projectIDDE-AC02-07CH11359
dc.relation.projectIDMEIF-CT-2005-025057
dc.rights.accessRightsopen access
dc.subject.cdu539.1
dc.subject.keywordAir showers
dc.subject.keywordParticles.
dc.subject.ucmFísica nuclear
dc.subject.unesco2207 Física Atómica y Nuclear
dc.titleTrigger and aperture of the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
dc.typejournal article
dc.volume.number613
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