Papel de GPR41 y GPR43, receptores de ácidos grasos de cadena corta, en la función y el crecimiento de las células alfa pancreáticas
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2023
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14/04/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Diversos estudios en la última década han mostrado que las células α pancreáticas productoras de glucagón son claves en el desarrollo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2). En esta patología se incrementa la secreción de glucagón, lo que exacerba el efecto de la disminución de la secreción y acción de la insulina sobre los niveles de glucosa en sangre. Por ello, la identificación de los mecanismos y factores involucrados en la regulación de la función y crecimiento de las células α podría proporcionar nuevas dianas terapéuticas para el tratamiento de la DMT2. La microbiota intestinal podría ser uno de estos factores, ya que se ha observado que varios de sus metabolitos regulan el desarrollo de algunas enfermedades metabólicas. De ellos, los ácidos grasos de cadena corta (SCFAs) son los más abundantes y pueden actuar como sustratos metabólicos, además de señalizar a través de GPR41 y GPR43. Estudios previos han demostrado que ambos receptores se expresan en las células enteroendocrinas y en las células β pancreáticas. Sin embargo, se ignora la presencia y el papel que estos receptores podrían tener en las células α...
Over the past decade, several studies showed that glucagon-producing pancreatic α-cells are essential for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2). This disease entails an increase in glucagon release, exacerbating the effects of the reduced insulin secretion and action on blood levels of glucose. Therefore, identifying the mechanisms and factors underlying the regulation of α-cells function and growth might provide us with new therapeutic targets for treating DMT2. The gut microbiota could be one of these factors, as several of its metabolites have been shown to have influence over the evolution of some metabolic diseases. Among them, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the most abundant ones and can act as metabolic substrates, apart from having a role as signaling molecules through GPR41 and GPR42 activation. Previous studies have shown that both receptors are expressed in enteroendocrine and pancreatic β-cells. However, it is not known whether these receptors are present in α-cells...
Over the past decade, several studies showed that glucagon-producing pancreatic α-cells are essential for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2). This disease entails an increase in glucagon release, exacerbating the effects of the reduced insulin secretion and action on blood levels of glucose. Therefore, identifying the mechanisms and factors underlying the regulation of α-cells function and growth might provide us with new therapeutic targets for treating DMT2. The gut microbiota could be one of these factors, as several of its metabolites have been shown to have influence over the evolution of some metabolic diseases. Among them, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the most abundant ones and can act as metabolic substrates, apart from having a role as signaling molecules through GPR41 and GPR42 activation. Previous studies have shown that both receptors are expressed in enteroendocrine and pancreatic β-cells. However, it is not known whether these receptors are present in α-cells...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 14-04-2023