Déficit sin inflación: la teoría del nivel de precios en la Eurozona
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2026
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Este trabajo contrasta la Teoría Fiscal del Nivel de Precios (TFNP) en la Eurozona durante 2007-2018, un período en que déficits públicos sin precedentes convivieron con una inflación persistentemente baja. Replicando la metodología de Barro y Bianchi (2025) sobre un panel de catorce países, se estima el efecto de un déficit compuesto (el impulso fiscal ponderado por la estructura de la deuda pre-crisis) sobre la inflación. En el promedio del panel no se detecta relación alguna, pero ese resultado agregado oculta una heterogeneidad relevante. El efecto es positivo, en la dirección que predice la teoría, en los países del núcleo, y negativo en la periferia, donde la intervención del Banco Central Europeo sobre la deuda soberana fue más intensa. Ningún coeficiente alcanza la significatividad convencional bajo inferencia robusta, de modo que la evidencia es sugerente, no concluyente. Los resultados son coherentes con una lectura condicional de la TFNP y abren la cuestión, no resoluble con datos de panel, del papel supresor del banco central.
This paper tests the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level (FTPL) in the Eurozone over 2007-2018, a period in which unprecedented public deficits coexisted with persistently low inflation. Replicating the methodology of Barro and Bianchi (2025) on a panel of fourteen countries, it estimates the effect of a composite deficit (the fiscal impulse weighted by the pre-crisis debt structure) on inflation. No relationship is found in the panel average, yet this aggregate result conceals a relevant heterogeneity: the effect is positive, in the direction the theory predicts, in the core countries, and negative in the periphery, where the European Central Bank's intervention in sovereign debt was most intense. No coefficient reaches conventional significance under robust inference, so the evidence is suggestive rather than conclusive. The findings are consistent with a conditional reading of the FTPL and raise the question (beyond the reach of panel data) of the central bank's suppressing role.
This paper tests the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level (FTPL) in the Eurozone over 2007-2018, a period in which unprecedented public deficits coexisted with persistently low inflation. Replicating the methodology of Barro and Bianchi (2025) on a panel of fourteen countries, it estimates the effect of a composite deficit (the fiscal impulse weighted by the pre-crisis debt structure) on inflation. No relationship is found in the panel average, yet this aggregate result conceals a relevant heterogeneity: the effect is positive, in the direction the theory predicts, in the core countries, and negative in the periphery, where the European Central Bank's intervention in sovereign debt was most intense. No coefficient reaches conventional significance under robust inference, so the evidence is suggestive rather than conclusive. The findings are consistent with a conditional reading of the FTPL and raise the question (beyond the reach of panel data) of the central bank's suppressing role.









