Competitividad en las cadenas globales de producción de la industria automotriz : un estudio de caso del Grupo PSA y su planta ensambladora en Vigo (2005-2019)
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2022
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27/06/2022
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El análisis de la competitividad y de sus determinantes ha sido tradicionalmente objeto de un intenso debate en la literatura económica. Desde distintos enfoques o perspectivas de análisis se realizan aproximaciones a su estudio que difieren en las asunciones teóricas de las que se parte, en la propia conceptualización del término competitividad, en la unidad de análisis que se adopta, o en las variables e indicadores que se utilizan para evaluar el desempeño competitivo, dando lugar en ocasiones a diversas interpretaciones sobre un mismo fenómeno económico. Asimismo, el debate sobre la competitividad y sus factores explicativos sobrepasa el ámbito estrictamente académico y con frecuencia se traslada a la esfera de la opinión pública, influyendo de manera decisiva el diseño de políticas públicas. En la actualidad, el debate sobre la competitividad se desenvuelve en el marco de un escenario productivo y comercial caracterizado por una fragmentación productiva internacional. Esta fragmentación productiva internacional se materializa en una creciente disgregación vertical de los procesos productivos a nivel empresarial y en una dispersión internacional, a través de distintas modalidades como la deslocalización o la subcontratación, de las diferentes partes o fases que componen el proceso de producción de un determinado bien final. Las grandes empresas transnacionales, por disponer de una elevada capacidad para coordinar y controlar unos patrones de producción y comercio que adquieren una naturaleza eminentemente transnacional, articulan de manera jerarquizada esta fragmentación productiva internacional, organizada bajo la forma de cadenas globales de producción...
The analysis of competitiveness and its determining factors has traditionally been the subject of intense debate in economic literature. Depending on the approach or perspective followed, we can find differences in foundational theoretical assumptions, the conceptualization of competitiveness, the unit of analysis, or the variables and indicators used to evaluate competitive performance. This sometimes leads to different interpretations of the same economic phenomenon. Similarly, the debate on competitiveness and its explanatory factors goes beyond the strictly academic sphere and frequently reaches the sphere of public opinion, effectively influencing the design of public policies.The current debate on competitiveness takes place within the framework of a productive business scenario characterized by the global fragmentation of the production processes. This phenomenon results in the growing vertical disintegration of production processes at the enterprise level. This fragmentation similarly leads to the global dispersion of the various stages or phases that comprise the production process of an end product through forms such as offshoring and outsourcing. Given their significant capacity to coordinate and control transnational production and trade patterns, transnational corporations organize the international fragmentation of production processes in a hierarchical way, in the form of global production chains...
The analysis of competitiveness and its determining factors has traditionally been the subject of intense debate in economic literature. Depending on the approach or perspective followed, we can find differences in foundational theoretical assumptions, the conceptualization of competitiveness, the unit of analysis, or the variables and indicators used to evaluate competitive performance. This sometimes leads to different interpretations of the same economic phenomenon. Similarly, the debate on competitiveness and its explanatory factors goes beyond the strictly academic sphere and frequently reaches the sphere of public opinion, effectively influencing the design of public policies.The current debate on competitiveness takes place within the framework of a productive business scenario characterized by the global fragmentation of the production processes. This phenomenon results in the growing vertical disintegration of production processes at the enterprise level. This fragmentation similarly leads to the global dispersion of the various stages or phases that comprise the production process of an end product through forms such as offshoring and outsourcing. Given their significant capacity to coordinate and control transnational production and trade patterns, transnational corporations organize the international fragmentation of production processes in a hierarchical way, in the form of global production chains...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Economía Aplicada, Estructura e Historia, leída el 27-06-2022