Aplicabilidad y sensibilidad de la biopsia de médula ósea vs. aspirado de médula ósea en la valoración de la remisión completa en el mieloma
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2018
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12/07/2017
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El mieloma múltiple se caracteriza por una expansión clonal de células plasmáticas (CP)patológicas que se acumula en la médula ósea, capaces de producir un componente monoclonal,que puede ser detectado en el suero o en la orina mediante técnicas de electroforesis e inmunofijación. El diagnóstico de mieloma se basa en la detección de ese componente monoclonal en sangre y/o orina y la demostración de células plasmáticas patológicas en médula ósea. Por lo tanto, el estudio de médula ósea es crucial para el diagnóstico y la evaluación de la respuesta al tratamiento en el mieloma. Las células plasmáticas clonales tienen unas características morfológicas, citoquímicas e inmunofenotípicas que las diferencian de las células plasmáticas normales. Esto facilita la identificación de enfermedad residual tras el tratamiento.Inicialmente los criterios de respuesta al tratamiento se basaban únicamente en la reducción del componente monoclonal. En 1998 se acepta internacionalmente el criterio de Remisión completa(RC) definido como ausencia de componente monoclonal detectado por inmunofijación (IF) en sangre/orina y presencia de menos de 5% de CP en médula ósea. Más tarde, en el año 2006 se incorpora a los criterios de respuesta la ausencia de clonalidad de las CP, y se añade una nueva categoria de respuesta al tratamiento: la respuesta completa estricta, que requiere cumplir los requisitos tradicionales de respuesta completa, a los que se añaden dos parámetros: un ratio cadenas libres en suero normal y ausencia de clonalidad, demostrada en la biopsia de médula ósea por inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) o inmunofluorescencia. En el año 2011 el EMWG publica los actuales criterios de evaluación de la respuesta al tratamiento en el mieloma múltiple. Propone dos técnicas diferentes para descartar clonalidad: la citometría de flujo (CMF) de 2 o 4 colores, y la IHQ..
Multiple myeloma features a clonal outgrowth of pathological plasma cells that accumulate in bone marrow. This type of cells produces a monoclonal component, which can be detected in serum or urine by Electrophoresis and immunodetection techniques. Myeloma diagnose is based on the detection of this monoclonal component in blood and/or urine, as well as, the detection of these plasma cells in bone marrow. Hence, the study of bone marrow is extremely important for myeloma diagnosis and for the evaluation of its response after treatment. Clonal plasma cells feature specific morphological, cytochemical and inmunophenotypical characteristic that distinguish them from normal plasma cells.This fact eases the detection of any residual activity of the disease after treatment. In the beginning, the criteria used to evaluate the response after treatment were based only on the monoclonal component assessment. In 1998 the Complete Remission conceptis introduced, which is based on the absence of monoclonal component detection and a presence of less than 5% of plasma cells in bone marrow. Later, in 2006, clonality is introduced into the diagnoses test, and appears a new category of treatment response: the complete strict response. This criterion requires to fulfil the traditional requirements of a complete response, and two new parameters: the free light-chain ratio and the absence of clonality, this last one has to be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and inmunoflorescence assays of the affected bone marrow. In 2011, the EMWG published the current criteria to evaluate the treatment of multiple myeloma. The EMWG proposes two different techniques to discard the presence of clonality: multiparamenter flow cytometry(MFC) and the immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays...
Multiple myeloma features a clonal outgrowth of pathological plasma cells that accumulate in bone marrow. This type of cells produces a monoclonal component, which can be detected in serum or urine by Electrophoresis and immunodetection techniques. Myeloma diagnose is based on the detection of this monoclonal component in blood and/or urine, as well as, the detection of these plasma cells in bone marrow. Hence, the study of bone marrow is extremely important for myeloma diagnosis and for the evaluation of its response after treatment. Clonal plasma cells feature specific morphological, cytochemical and inmunophenotypical characteristic that distinguish them from normal plasma cells.This fact eases the detection of any residual activity of the disease after treatment. In the beginning, the criteria used to evaluate the response after treatment were based only on the monoclonal component assessment. In 1998 the Complete Remission conceptis introduced, which is based on the absence of monoclonal component detection and a presence of less than 5% of plasma cells in bone marrow. Later, in 2006, clonality is introduced into the diagnoses test, and appears a new category of treatment response: the complete strict response. This criterion requires to fulfil the traditional requirements of a complete response, and two new parameters: the free light-chain ratio and the absence of clonality, this last one has to be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and inmunoflorescence assays of the affected bone marrow. In 2011, the EMWG published the current criteria to evaluate the treatment of multiple myeloma. The EMWG proposes two different techniques to discard the presence of clonality: multiparamenter flow cytometry(MFC) and the immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, leída el 12-07-2017