Papel de la reserva cognitiva en la recuperación cognitiva de pacientes que han sufrido una adicción grave a sustancias
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2019
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Fernández Del Olmo, A., Cruz Cortés, M., Conde, C., Ontanilla, E., Rosa Muela, C., Martos, C., Cáceres, D. & Ruiz Sánchez de León, J.M. (2019). Papel de la reserva cognitiva en la recuperación cognitiva de pacientes que han sufrido una adicción grave a sustancias. Revista de Neurología, 69(8), 323-331.
Abstract
Introducción.
La reserva cognitiva resulta ser una variable de pronóstico en la recuperación cognitiva tras un daño cerebral. Pocos estudios han abordado su papel en el estado cognitivo tras un periodo sostenido de adicción a sustancias.
Objetivo.
Analizar el papel modulador de la reserva cognitiva sobre la relación entre tiempo de abstinencia y el estado cognitivo de pacientes con adicción grave a sustancias.
Métodos.
Un total de veintiséis pacientes en recuperación tras una adicción severa a sustancias son valorados con un protocolo de evaluación neuropsicológica y cuestionarios de reserva cognitiva. Análisis de datos. Se emplea el análisis factorial exploratorio para conformar variables y el análisis de regresión lineal para ver relaciones predictivas.
Resultados.
Se obtienen tres factores de funcionamiento cognitivo: integridad de procesamiento, control inhibitorio y memoria verbal, así como un factor global de reserva. En los modelos de regresión, solo se encuentran relaciones predictivas en un modelo de relación directa entre abstinencia y memoria verbal (t = -4.061; p < 0.001), así como en un modelo de relación independiente entre la reserva cognitiva (t = 2.539; p < 0.05) y el tiempo de abstinencia (t = -3.356; p < 0.01) con la memoria verbal, pero no en la relación de modulación, ni de otras relaciones en el resto de factores.
Discusión.
Se debate el papel de la reserva cognitiva como mediador en el estado cognitivo en pacientes en periodo de abstinencia tras adicción a sustancias severa, mostrando una relación con la memoria, pero no una modulación del papel del tiempo de abstinencia sobre ese estado cognitivo.
Introduction. Cognitive reserve has been shown to be a prognostic variable in cognitive recovery after brain damage. Few studies have addressed its role in the cognitive status after a sustained period of substance addiction. Aim. To analyse the modulating role of cognitive reserve in the relation between withdrawal time and the cognitive status of patients with severe substance addiction. Patients and methods. A total of 26 patients recovering from severe substance addiction were assessed using a neuropsychological assessment protocol and cognitive reserve questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis is used to define the variables and linear regression analysis is employed to view the predictive relations. Results. Three cognitive functioning factors are obtained: processing integrity, inhibitory control and verbal memory, as well as an overall reserve factor. In the regression models, predictive relations are found only in a model of a direct relation between withdrawal and verbal memory, and in a model of an independent relation between cognitive reserve and withdrawal time and verbal memory, but not in the modulation relationship or in other relations in the rest of the factors. Conclusion. The article discusses the role of the cognitive reserve as a mediator in the cognitive status of patients in a period of withdrawal after a serious addiction to substances. A relationship with memory is shown, but no modulation of the role of withdrawal time on that cognitive status is detected.
Introduction. Cognitive reserve has been shown to be a prognostic variable in cognitive recovery after brain damage. Few studies have addressed its role in the cognitive status after a sustained period of substance addiction. Aim. To analyse the modulating role of cognitive reserve in the relation between withdrawal time and the cognitive status of patients with severe substance addiction. Patients and methods. A total of 26 patients recovering from severe substance addiction were assessed using a neuropsychological assessment protocol and cognitive reserve questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis is used to define the variables and linear regression analysis is employed to view the predictive relations. Results. Three cognitive functioning factors are obtained: processing integrity, inhibitory control and verbal memory, as well as an overall reserve factor. In the regression models, predictive relations are found only in a model of a direct relation between withdrawal and verbal memory, and in a model of an independent relation between cognitive reserve and withdrawal time and verbal memory, but not in the modulation relationship or in other relations in the rest of the factors. Conclusion. The article discusses the role of the cognitive reserve as a mediator in the cognitive status of patients in a period of withdrawal after a serious addiction to substances. A relationship with memory is shown, but no modulation of the role of withdrawal time on that cognitive status is detected.