Publication: Óxidos metálicos con superestructura derivada de la perovskita y estudio de sus propiedades electrocatalíticas en la reducción de oxígeno
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2024-04-23
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las pilas de combustible de óxido sólido (SOFC) son dispositivos de generación eléctrica mediante la reacción entre un combustible (H2, CH4, etc...) y un comburente (O2) sin combustión directa, lo que incrementa la eficiencia de conversión respecto a los sistemas convencionales (ciclo de Carnot) que operan por debajo de 1073 K. El aprovechamiento del calor residual mediante ciclos de calor combinados eleva la eficiencia por encima del 85%. Las pérdidas óhmicas de las celdas SOFC están asociadas principalmente a la resistencia eléctrica de los electrolitos sólidos, pero la física que gobierna las pérdidas por sobrepotencial en los electrodos, especialmente en el cátodo, sigue siendo un tema de gran importancia en las investigaciones en materiales para SOFC. La reducción del oxígeno en el cátodo es el proceso cinéticamente limitante de la reacción total en la celda. Por otro lado, los mecanismos de actividad catalítica de los materiales frente a la reacción de reducción del oxígeno (ORR) no están bien establecidos y son objeto de intensas investigaciones experimentales y teóricas...
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are electrical generation devices by reaction between a fuel (H2, CH4,etc...) and an oxidizer (O2) without direct combustion, improving conversion efficiency compared to conventional systems (Carnot cycle) below 1073 K. The use of residual heat by means of combined heat cycles raises the efficiency above 85%.The ohmic losses of SOFC cells are mainly associated with the electrical resistance of the solid electrolytes, but the physics governing the overpotential losses in the electrodes, mostly in the cathode, remains being a topic of great importance in the research for SOFC materials. Oxygen reductionat the cathode is the kinetically limiting process of the overall reaction in the cell. On the other hand, the catalytic activity mechanisms of the materials against the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are not well established and are the subject of intense experimental and theoretical research...
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are electrical generation devices by reaction between a fuel (H2, CH4,etc...) and an oxidizer (O2) without direct combustion, improving conversion efficiency compared to conventional systems (Carnot cycle) below 1073 K. The use of residual heat by means of combined heat cycles raises the efficiency above 85%.The ohmic losses of SOFC cells are mainly associated with the electrical resistance of the solid electrolytes, but the physics governing the overpotential losses in the electrodes, mostly in the cathode, remains being a topic of great importance in the research for SOFC materials. Oxygen reductionat the cathode is the kinetically limiting process of the overall reaction in the cell. On the other hand, the catalytic activity mechanisms of the materials against the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are not well established and are the subject of intense experimental and theoretical research...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, leída el 26/06/2023