Enfermedad de Hirschsprung: correlación clínico-genética
Loading...
Download
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication date
2018
Defense date
19/06/2017
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Citation
Abstract
La enfermedad de Hirschsprung (HSCR, OMIM 142623) es un trastorno del desarrollo del sistema nervioso entérico caracterizado por la ausencia de células ganglionares parasimpáticas en los plexos mientéri-co y submucoso del intestino. Su incidencia se estima en 1/5000 recién nacidos vivos y supone la causa más frecuente de obstrucción intestinal funcional en la infancia. La extensión proximal del aganglionismo desde el esfínter anal interno permite su clasificación en diferentes fenotipos: segmento corto o S-HSCR (Short-segment HSCR) en el que el aganglionismo no sobrepasa el colon sigmoide (75-80% de los casos), segmento largo o L-HSCR (Long-segment HSCR), en el que la ausencia de células ganglionares es proximal al sigma (15-20%) y aganglionismo cólico total, que implica la afectación de todo el colon y menos de 50 cm de íleon (total colonic aganglionosis, TCA, 2-13%). Se han descrito otras formas menos frecuentes como la enfermedad segmentaria y la ultracorta. Por razones no bien conocidas, la ratio hombre: mujer es mayor para S-HSCR (5,5:1) que para L-HSCR, donde podemos encontrar una relación de 1,75:1. Suele ser esporádica, aunque también hay casos familiares con herencia autosómica dominante o recesiva, penetrancia parcial y expresividad variable. Se manifiesta de forma aislada en el 70% de los pacientes, asocia anomalías congénitas en el 18% y cromoso-mopatías en el 12%, siendo la más frecuente el Síndrome de Down (Down Syndrome, DS)...
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, OMIM 142623) is a developmental disorder characterized by the ab-sence of the enteric nervous system in the myenteric and submucosal plexus of the distal bowel. Its inci-dence is estimated to be 1/5000 live births, making it the most frequent cause of functional intestinal ob-struction in childhood. The proximal extent of aganglionosis from the internal anal sphincter allows for its classification into different phenotypes: short-segment HSCR (S-HSCR, 75-80%), when the aganglionosis does not extend beyond the upper sigmoid, long-segment HSCR, when the absence of ganglion cells is proximal to the sigmoid colon (L-HSCR, 15-20%), and total colonic aganglionosis, when the entire colon and less than 50 cm of the terminal ileum are affected (TCA, 2-13%). Other less common forms of the disease have been described, such as total intestinal aganglionosis, segmental and ultra-short forms. For reasons not well understood, the male:female ratio is greater for S-HSCR (5.5:1) than for L-HSCR (1.75:1). HSCR usually appears in a sporadic form, although there are familial cases with autosomal domi-nant or recessive inheritance with partial penetrance and variable expressivity. It occurs as an isolated trait in 70% of patients and as part of a syndrome in the other 30%. It is associated with some chromosomopathy in 12% of cases, the commonest being Down Syndrome (DS)...
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, OMIM 142623) is a developmental disorder characterized by the ab-sence of the enteric nervous system in the myenteric and submucosal plexus of the distal bowel. Its inci-dence is estimated to be 1/5000 live births, making it the most frequent cause of functional intestinal ob-struction in childhood. The proximal extent of aganglionosis from the internal anal sphincter allows for its classification into different phenotypes: short-segment HSCR (S-HSCR, 75-80%), when the aganglionosis does not extend beyond the upper sigmoid, long-segment HSCR, when the absence of ganglion cells is proximal to the sigmoid colon (L-HSCR, 15-20%), and total colonic aganglionosis, when the entire colon and less than 50 cm of the terminal ileum are affected (TCA, 2-13%). Other less common forms of the disease have been described, such as total intestinal aganglionosis, segmental and ultra-short forms. For reasons not well understood, the male:female ratio is greater for S-HSCR (5.5:1) than for L-HSCR (1.75:1). HSCR usually appears in a sporadic form, although there are familial cases with autosomal domi-nant or recessive inheritance with partial penetrance and variable expressivity. It occurs as an isolated trait in 70% of patients and as part of a syndrome in the other 30%. It is associated with some chromosomopathy in 12% of cases, the commonest being Down Syndrome (DS)...
Description
Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatría, leída el 19-06-2017