Impacto de un incentivo solidario en la vacunación de gripe en trabajadores sanitarios y análisis de las características del centro de salud que influyen en las coberturas de vacunación de la población asignada
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2025
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12/09/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El virus de la gripe es de tipo respiratorio y produce una infección que suele desarrollarse con un cuadro leve pero que, en ocasiones, sobre todo en personas de riesgo por edad o morbilidad, puede llegar a ser grave o incluso causar la muerte. Cada año, se producen entre 3 y 5 millones de infecciones de gripe en todo el mundo, y se registran entre 290.000 y 650.000 fallecimientos relacionados con la enfermedad. En España, según las estimaciones del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, la gripe causa un exceso de mortalidad que se estima entre 8.110 y 10.872 fallecidos durante el año 2011-2012, y alrededor de 15.000 fallecidos durante el año 2017-2018.La gripe se transmite de persona a persona principalmente a través de la emisión de pequeñas gotas y aerosoles cuando una persona infectada tose, estornuda, habla o respira cerca de otra.Las coberturas de vacunación en los grupos de riesgo, tanto nacional como internacionalmente, se encuentran por debajo de la meta del 75% que fija la OMS para los grupos de riesgo: personas con enfermedad crónica, embarazadas, mayores de 65 años y trabajadores sanitarios (TS).Por este motivo, el objetivo principal de esta tesis es analizar si mediante un incentivo solidario para TS se logra aumentar las coberturas vacunales de gripe en este grupo. También se realiza un análisis de costes del incentivo además de una descripción de las características de los CS y su relación con las coberturas de vacunación en la población...
The influenza virus is a respiratory virus that produces an infection that usually develops with mild symptoms, but in some cases, especially in at-risk individuals due to age or morbidity, can become severe or even be fatal. Each year, between 3 and 5 million cases of influenza infections occur worldwide, and between 290,000 and 650,000 deaths related to the disease are reported. In Spain, according to estimates from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, influenza caused an excess mortality between 8,110 and 10,872 deaths during the 2011-2012 season, and around 15,000 deaths during the 2017-2018 season.Influenza is transmitted from person to person mainly through the emission of small droplets and aerosols when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks or breathes near another person.Vaccination coverage in at-risk groups, both nationally and internationally, is below the WHO target of 75% for at-risk groups: people with chronic diseases, pregnant women, people over 65 years of age, and healthcare workers (HCWs).For these reasons, the purpose of this thesis is to analyse the impact of offering a solidary incentive to increase influenza vaccination in HCWs in the Community of Madrid (CM). A cost analysis of the incentive is also conducted, as well as a description of the relationship between vaccination uptake in the population and the characteristics of the primary care centre (PCC)...
The influenza virus is a respiratory virus that produces an infection that usually develops with mild symptoms, but in some cases, especially in at-risk individuals due to age or morbidity, can become severe or even be fatal. Each year, between 3 and 5 million cases of influenza infections occur worldwide, and between 290,000 and 650,000 deaths related to the disease are reported. In Spain, according to estimates from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, influenza caused an excess mortality between 8,110 and 10,872 deaths during the 2011-2012 season, and around 15,000 deaths during the 2017-2018 season.Influenza is transmitted from person to person mainly through the emission of small droplets and aerosols when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks or breathes near another person.Vaccination coverage in at-risk groups, both nationally and internationally, is below the WHO target of 75% for at-risk groups: people with chronic diseases, pregnant women, people over 65 years of age, and healthcare workers (HCWs).For these reasons, the purpose of this thesis is to analyse the impact of offering a solidary incentive to increase influenza vaccination in HCWs in the Community of Madrid (CM). A cost analysis of the incentive is also conducted, as well as a description of the relationship between vaccination uptake in the population and the characteristics of the primary care centre (PCC)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 12-09-2023