Hacia un nuevo espíritu y nuevos esquemas pesquero-artesanales : una etnografía sobre la modernización de la pesca artesanal en Chile
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2023
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11/07/2022
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Ante un escenario de continua sobrepesca a un nivel biológicamente insostenible en Chile, cuyo punto de inflexión son los esfuerzos de la dictadura cívico-militar por establecer una economía focalizada en la industrialización, explotación y exportación de recursos naturales, y cuyos antecedentes, un tanto paradójicos con lo anterior, se encuentran en el desarrollismo promovido, desde la década de 1940, por Estado chileno a través de la Corporación de Fomento de la Producción (CORFO) y su impulso a la pesca industrial; se producen y despliegan diversas estrategias de acción de los agentes del campo pesquero: pescadores industriales, pescadores artesanales, unidades de gobernanza, científicos, entre otros. Desde la década de 1960, con la formación de cooperativas de pescadores artesanales, la formalización de una organización nacional de dichos pescadores y la facilitación de programas de apoyo a la pesca artesanal, hasta la publicación de la LGPA, los discursos, prácticas y dispositivos modernizadores promovidos por el Estado en la pesca artesanal se relacionan con la regulación y la formalización de la actividad, con la introducción de elementos científico-tecnológicos en la pesca, la creación de programas de institucionalidad pública que promueven la modernización del sector y el establecimiento de nuevas instituciones de mercado. Todo lo anterior produce transformaciones en las prácticas y discursos pesquero-artesanales, ya sea las relacionadas con su mercado, organizaciones, en la formalización y la tecnologización del oficio...
Facing a scenery of continuing overfishing at an unsustainable biological level in Chile, whose inflection point is the effort of the civic-military dictatorship to establish an economy focused in industrialization, exploitation and exportation of natural resources, and whose records, a bit paradoxical in relation to the previous ones, can be found in the development promoted since the 1940s by the Chilean state through the Production and Promotion Corporation ( CORFO), and its stimulus towards industrial fishing, different action strategies are produced by the fishing field, industrial fishermen, artisanal fishermen, governance units, and scientists, among others.Since the 1960s, with the formation of cooperatives of artisanal fishermen, the formalization of a national organization of those fishermen and the facilitation of support programs and the artisanal fishing, up to the publishing of the LGPA, discourses, practices and modern devices promoted by the state in the area of artisanal fishing are related to the regulation and formalization of the activity, with the introduction of scientific-technological elements in fishing, the making of programs of public institutionality that encourage the area to become more modern and the establishment of new market institutions. All of the above, produces transformations in the artisanal-fishing discourses and practices, either those related to its market, its organizations or in the formalization or technological advances of the trade...
Facing a scenery of continuing overfishing at an unsustainable biological level in Chile, whose inflection point is the effort of the civic-military dictatorship to establish an economy focused in industrialization, exploitation and exportation of natural resources, and whose records, a bit paradoxical in relation to the previous ones, can be found in the development promoted since the 1940s by the Chilean state through the Production and Promotion Corporation ( CORFO), and its stimulus towards industrial fishing, different action strategies are produced by the fishing field, industrial fishermen, artisanal fishermen, governance units, and scientists, among others.Since the 1960s, with the formation of cooperatives of artisanal fishermen, the formalization of a national organization of those fishermen and the facilitation of support programs and the artisanal fishing, up to the publishing of the LGPA, discourses, practices and modern devices promoted by the state in the area of artisanal fishing are related to the regulation and formalization of the activity, with the introduction of scientific-technological elements in fishing, the making of programs of public institutionality that encourage the area to become more modern and the establishment of new market institutions. All of the above, produces transformations in the artisanal-fishing discourses and practices, either those related to its market, its organizations or in the formalization or technological advances of the trade...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 11-07-2022