Un parásito intracelular:Toxoplasma gondii
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2015
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Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii es un parásito intracelular obligado de mamíferos y aves. Más de un tercio de la población mundial ha entrado en contacto con él, pero normalmente sólo se asocia a enfermedad en casos de transmisión vertical y en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Durante la invasión, el parásito crea una vacuola parasitófora, un compartimento que permite la modulación de las funciones celulares, permitiendo su replicación y la infección del hospedador. Los orgánulos secretores de Toxoplasma (micronemas, roptrias y gránulos densos) son responsables de estos procesos, en los que intervienen antígenos de superficie (SAG) y proteinas liberadas por micronemas y roptrias (MIC, AMA y RON), que median el reconocimiento y la entrada, así como otras proteinas efectoras (ROP y GRA) que modifican, por ejemplo, la señalización de STAT o la inmunidad relacionada con GTPasas, determinando su virulencia. El fin de este trabajo es revisar, en la medida que su extensión lo permite, estos mecanismos de invasión.
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular mammalian and avian parasite. Over one third of the world population has come into contact with it but usually it is only associated to disease in vertical transmission and in immunocompromised patients. During the invasion, the parasite creates a parasitophorous vacuole, a compartment that enables modulation of cell functions, allowing replication and infection of the host. Toxoplasma secretory organelles (micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules) are responsible for these processes, involving surface antigens (SAG) and proteins released by micronemes and rhoptries (MIC, AMA and RON), which mediates recognition and entry. Other effector proteins (ROP and GRA) that modify, for example, STAT signaling or immunity related GTPases, determine their virulence. The purpose of this paper is to review these mechanisms of invasion.
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular mammalian and avian parasite. Over one third of the world population has come into contact with it but usually it is only associated to disease in vertical transmission and in immunocompromised patients. During the invasion, the parasite creates a parasitophorous vacuole, a compartment that enables modulation of cell functions, allowing replication and infection of the host. Toxoplasma secretory organelles (micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules) are responsible for these processes, involving surface antigens (SAG) and proteins released by micronemes and rhoptries (MIC, AMA and RON), which mediates recognition and entry. Other effector proteins (ROP and GRA) that modify, for example, STAT signaling or immunity related GTPases, determine their virulence. The purpose of this paper is to review these mechanisms of invasion.