Identificación y validación de biomarcadores de respuesta a tratamiento en primera línea con anti PD-1 (pembrolizumab) en monoterapia en pacientes con cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas
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2024
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28/05/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El uso de agentes que bloquean el eje PD-1/PD-L1, ha supuesto un cambio de paradigma en el tratamiento y pronóstico de numerosas neoplasias avanzadas. En el caso concreto del cáncer de pulmón no célula pequeña (CPCNP), el beneficio a dicha terapia es mayor en aquellos sujetos cuyos tumores exhiben una alta expresión tumoral de PD-L1, Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) ≥50%. No obstante, la mayoría de estos individuos no obtienen respuestas duraderas, o incluso no responden. Por este motivo, es necesario identificar nuevos marcadores de respuesta y/o resistencia a estos tratamientos, para seleccionar mejor a aquellos pacientes que realmente se benefician de estos agentes en monoterapia y buscar nuevas combinaciones en aquellos que no van a obtener respuesta. Por consiguiente, el objetivo principal de esta tesis es la de identificar y validar nuevos biomarcadores de respuesta y resistencia a la terapia anti PD-1 en contexto espacial, particularmente en pacientes con tumores PD-L1 TPS ≥50%. Para ello, seleccionamos muestras tumorales basales de un total de 144 pacientes con CPCNP y alta expresión de PD-L1 tratados con pembrolizumab en monoterapia como primera línea de enfermedad avanzada en 10 hospitales de la Comunidad de Madrid...
The advent of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockers has led to a new scenario for the treatment and prognosis of numerous advanced malignancies. In the context of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the optimal efficacy of such therapeutic interventions appears in those individuals whose tumours exhibit high PD-L1 expression, defined by a tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥50%. However, a significant proportion of these patients do not achieve durable responses, or even exhibit no response at all. Consequently, it is necessary to identify novel biomarkers indicative of response and/or resistance to these therapies. This pursuit aims to enhance the precision of patient selection, ensuring that those who genuinely stand to benefit from these agents in monotherapy are identified. Furthermore, it facilitates the exploration of alternative combinations for individuals who may not otherwise respond to the treatment. Therefore, the principal aim of this thesis is to identify and validate new biomarkers indicative of response and/or resistance to anti PD-1 therapy within a spatial context, particularly in patients with PD-L1 TPS tumours ≥50%. To this end, we selected baseline tumour samples from a total of 144 patients with NSCLC and high PD-L1 expression treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy as first-line therapy in advanced disease in 10 hospitals in the Community of Madrid...
The advent of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockers has led to a new scenario for the treatment and prognosis of numerous advanced malignancies. In the context of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the optimal efficacy of such therapeutic interventions appears in those individuals whose tumours exhibit high PD-L1 expression, defined by a tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥50%. However, a significant proportion of these patients do not achieve durable responses, or even exhibit no response at all. Consequently, it is necessary to identify novel biomarkers indicative of response and/or resistance to these therapies. This pursuit aims to enhance the precision of patient selection, ensuring that those who genuinely stand to benefit from these agents in monotherapy are identified. Furthermore, it facilitates the exploration of alternative combinations for individuals who may not otherwise respond to the treatment. Therefore, the principal aim of this thesis is to identify and validate new biomarkers indicative of response and/or resistance to anti PD-1 therapy within a spatial context, particularly in patients with PD-L1 TPS tumours ≥50%. To this end, we selected baseline tumour samples from a total of 144 patients with NSCLC and high PD-L1 expression treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy as first-line therapy in advanced disease in 10 hospitals in the Community of Madrid...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 28-05-2024