Análisis de la sostenibilidad de un paisaje agrícola de olivar aplicando modelos dinámicos: diferentes escenarios de gestión
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2021
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09/12/2020
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Los agrosistemas de olivar conforman paisajes agrícolas socio-ecológicos característicos de la Región Mediterránea. En España su extensión supera los 2,5 millones de hectáreas (M ha), siendo máxima su representatividad en Andalucía, con 1,5 M ha. Los olivares presentan un carácter multifuncional, destacando su función económica, contribuyendo en un 6% a la renta agraria nacional; su función social generando un 10% del empleo agrícola; y su función ecológica, actuando como componentes estructurales y funcionales del territorio. En lo relativo a los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) que proporcionan, destacan los servicios de abastecimiento, siendo España el primer país productor de aceite de oliva. Además, los olivares contribuyen al aporte de SE de regulación, por su capacidad de secuestro de carbono y mitigación de la erosión; culturales debido a su carácter histórico y reconocida cultura rural; y de soporte, siendo sistemas de gran agrobiodiversidad.
La gestión tradicional de estos cultivos ha sido extensiva. Sin embargo, la entrada en vigor de la Política Agrícola Común (PAC) en 1957, junto al éxodo rural, puso en entredicho su sostenibilidad. Como consecuencia, estas explotaciones agrarias optaron entre intensificar su gestión o abandonar sus actividades. Ambas opciones tuvieron repercusiones socio-económicas y ambientales relevantes. Recientemente, las explotaciones han incorporado nuevos modelos de gestión que aumentan la intensificación con actualizaciones tecnológicas, destacando al regadío, pero también con gestiones ambientalmente más respetuosas, como la integrada y la ecológica. Debido a la escasa tradición de estas gestiones resulta de interés evaluar comparativamente las repercusiones socio-económicas y ecológicas de las mismas...
Olive grove agrosystems form socio-ecological agricultural landscapes characteristic of the Mediterranean Region. In Spain their extension exceeds 2.5 million hectares (M ha), mostly represented by groves in Andalusia covering 1.5 M ha. Olive groves are multifunctional, serving an economic function, contributing 6% to national farm income; a social function, generating 10% of agricultural employment; and an ecological function, acting as structural and functional components of the region. In regards to the ecosystem services (ES) they provide, their supply services can be highlighted, with Spain being the top olive oil producing country. In addition, olive groves contribute to regulation ES, due to their capacity for carbon sequestration and erosion mitigation; cultural ES due to their historical character and prominence in rural culture; and support ES, serving as systems of great agrobiodiversity. The traditional management of these crops has been extensive. However, the enforcement of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 1957, together with the rural exodus, challenged their sustainability. As a result, these farms were forced to choose between intensifying management or abandoning their activities. Both options had significant socio-economic and environmental impacts. Recently, these farms have incorporated new management models that increase intensification with technological advances, namely irrigation, but also more environmentally friendly management approaches, such as integrated and ecological management systems. Due to the novelty of these management models, it is of interest to comparatively evaluate their socio-economic and ecological repercussions...
Olive grove agrosystems form socio-ecological agricultural landscapes characteristic of the Mediterranean Region. In Spain their extension exceeds 2.5 million hectares (M ha), mostly represented by groves in Andalusia covering 1.5 M ha. Olive groves are multifunctional, serving an economic function, contributing 6% to national farm income; a social function, generating 10% of agricultural employment; and an ecological function, acting as structural and functional components of the region. In regards to the ecosystem services (ES) they provide, their supply services can be highlighted, with Spain being the top olive oil producing country. In addition, olive groves contribute to regulation ES, due to their capacity for carbon sequestration and erosion mitigation; cultural ES due to their historical character and prominence in rural culture; and support ES, serving as systems of great agrobiodiversity. The traditional management of these crops has been extensive. However, the enforcement of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 1957, together with the rural exodus, challenged their sustainability. As a result, these farms were forced to choose between intensifying management or abandoning their activities. Both options had significant socio-economic and environmental impacts. Recently, these farms have incorporated new management models that increase intensification with technological advances, namely irrigation, but also more environmentally friendly management approaches, such as integrated and ecological management systems. Due to the novelty of these management models, it is of interest to comparatively evaluate their socio-economic and ecological repercussions...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 09/12/2020