Estudio de la enfermedad renal y la respuesta al tratamiento (antimoniales "versus" miltefosina) en perros con infección natural por "Leishmania infantum"
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2016
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20/01/2016
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La leishmaniosis canina (Lcan) es una zoonosis en toda la Cuenca Mediterránea y está producida por un protozoo intracelular, Leishmania infantum, transmitido por especies del género Phlebotomus. La enfermedad se caracteriza por una presentación clínica heterogénea en la cual la lesión renal es, con frecuencia, la causa principal de mortalidad. La nefropatía asociada a Lcan se atribuye fundamentalmente al depósito intraglomerular de inmunocomplejos circulantes. La combinación de antimoniato de n-meglumina (antimoniales) con alopurinol se considera el tratamiento de primera línea en esta enfermedad, aunque algunos estudios han demostrado que la combinación de miltefosina y alopurinol tiene una eficacia similar. A pesar de ser considerado el tratamiento más eficaz, el uso de antimoniato se asocia a efectos adversos sobre la funcionalidad renal lo cual puede ocasionar complicaciones importantes en el manejo de estos pacientes. A ello se suma la escasa sensibilidad de las pruebas diagnósticas disponibles hasta ahora en la clínica veterinaria para poder establecer un diagnóstico precoz de lesión renal. Es decir, el propio tratamiento podría agravar una posible alteración en la funcionalidad renal en pacientes que ya la tuvieran alterada debido a la leishmaniosis. Los perros infectados y tratados, en la mayoría de los casos, no alcanzan la curación parasitológica y sufren recidivas después del tratamiento. Las técnicas habituales para valorar la respuesta al tratamiento son la evolución de la tasa de anticuerpos y la electroforesis de proteínas plasmáticas. La normalización de las proteínas plasmáticas ocurre en paralelo con la mejoría clínica, pudiéndose emplear como marcadores de respuesta al tratamiento; sin embargo, la serología parece menos útil, a corto plazo, porque el descenso del título de anticuerpos es más lento. Se ha postulado que otros parámetros laboratoriales, como las proteínas de fase aguda, pueden ser una buena opción como marcadores precoces de la enfermedad y también para la monitorización del tratamiento...
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a zoonotic parasitic disease (enzootic in the Mediterranean basin) caused by the intracellular protozoan Leishmania infantum and transmitted by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus. The disease is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation in which renal pathologic conditions are often the principal cause of death. CanL associated nephropathy is mainly characterized by glomerular damage and is primarily attributed to intraglomerular deposition of circulating immune complexes. The combination of meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol is so far considered to be the most effective therapy for CanL, but some studies have shown that a combination of miltefosine and allopurinol has similar efficacy. Nevertheless, meglumine antimoniate has shown some deleterious effects on the kidney. Infected dogs treated for leishmaniosis frequently do not achieve parasitological cure and may suffer several relapses. Monitoring of the patient́s serology and serum proteins variation, have been used to follow up response to treatment. Normalization of serum protein electrophoresis occurs parallel to clinical improvement and can be used as a marker of a positive response and early detection of relapses; during the first months of therapy, serology is less useful because the decline of antibody titration is rather slow. In this sense, new parameters such acute phase proteins, have been investigated as alternative and it seems that they could be used as early markers for disease as well as for monitoring the response to treatment in canine leishmaniosis...
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a zoonotic parasitic disease (enzootic in the Mediterranean basin) caused by the intracellular protozoan Leishmania infantum and transmitted by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus. The disease is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation in which renal pathologic conditions are often the principal cause of death. CanL associated nephropathy is mainly characterized by glomerular damage and is primarily attributed to intraglomerular deposition of circulating immune complexes. The combination of meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol is so far considered to be the most effective therapy for CanL, but some studies have shown that a combination of miltefosine and allopurinol has similar efficacy. Nevertheless, meglumine antimoniate has shown some deleterious effects on the kidney. Infected dogs treated for leishmaniosis frequently do not achieve parasitological cure and may suffer several relapses. Monitoring of the patient́s serology and serum proteins variation, have been used to follow up response to treatment. Normalization of serum protein electrophoresis occurs parallel to clinical improvement and can be used as a marker of a positive response and early detection of relapses; during the first months of therapy, serology is less useful because the decline of antibody titration is rather slow. In this sense, new parameters such acute phase proteins, have been investigated as alternative and it seems that they could be used as early markers for disease as well as for monitoring the response to treatment in canine leishmaniosis...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, leída el 20/01/2016