El cuerpo de la enfermedad mental : un nuevo marco teórico más allá de la diagnosis psiquiátrica
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2024
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13/09/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En la presente Tesis Doctoral vamos a estudiar la enfermedad mental desde una perspectiva social. Esto no es muy común, ya que la enfermedad mental se ha estudiado mayormente desde un enfoque meramente médico, obviando otras visiones que aporten luz a la cuestión desde otros ángulos. La importancia del presente trabajo de investigación reside, pues, precisamente en que incidiremos sobre otro punto de vista menos conocido de la temática en cuestión, pero igual de importante para entenderla, como veremos.El punto de partida sería el campo de la discapacidad, en el que está contenido el campo de la enfermedad mental. Desgranaremos cómo la discapacidad es un proceso social, construido, siempre acorde a la norma social imperante en cada momento histórico; y cuya concepción ha cambiado a lo largo del tiempo hasta llegar a la idea que tenemos hoy en día sobre la misma. Del mismo modo, la enfermedad mental, como tipo específico de discapacidad, sigue un proceso parejo de evolución. La Psiquiatría sería la disciplina médica que decide lo que se considera y no se considera hoy en día trastorno mental, dejando constancia a través del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM por sus siglas en inglés), que a pesar de ser elaborado con el presupuesto rigor científico de los autores expertos en la materia, evoluciona con el tiempo y excluye aquellos trastornos que socialmente ya no se consideran una enfermedad, como ocurre con el caso de la homosexualidad...
In this Doctoral Thesis we are going to study mental illness from a social perspective. This is not very common, since mental illness has been studied mostly form a purely medical approach, ignoring other visions that shed light on the issue from other angles. The importance of this research work lies, then, precisely in the fact that we will focus on another lesser-known point of view of the subject in question, but just as important to understand it, as we will see.The starting point would be the field of disability, in which the field of mental illness is contained. We will break down how disability is a social process, constructed, always in accordance with the prevailing social norm at each historical moment; and whose conception has changed over time until reaching the idea that we have today about it.Similarly, mental illness, as a specific type of disability, follows a similar process of evolution. Psychiatry would be the medical discipline that decides what is considered and is not considered a mental disorder today, stating through the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which despite being elaborated with the assumptions of scientific rigor of expert authors in the field, it evolves over time and excludes those disorders that are no longer socially considered a disease, as in the case of homosexuality...
In this Doctoral Thesis we are going to study mental illness from a social perspective. This is not very common, since mental illness has been studied mostly form a purely medical approach, ignoring other visions that shed light on the issue from other angles. The importance of this research work lies, then, precisely in the fact that we will focus on another lesser-known point of view of the subject in question, but just as important to understand it, as we will see.The starting point would be the field of disability, in which the field of mental illness is contained. We will break down how disability is a social process, constructed, always in accordance with the prevailing social norm at each historical moment; and whose conception has changed over time until reaching the idea that we have today about it.Similarly, mental illness, as a specific type of disability, follows a similar process of evolution. Psychiatry would be the medical discipline that decides what is considered and is not considered a mental disorder today, stating through the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which despite being elaborated with the assumptions of scientific rigor of expert authors in the field, it evolves over time and excludes those disorders that are no longer socially considered a disease, as in the case of homosexuality...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 13-09-2023