Nacionalismos e identidad nacional entre los españoles en Argentina (1880-1970)
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Publication date
2020
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Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza
Citation
García Sebastiani, Marcela, “Nacionalismos e identidad nacional entre los españoles en Argentina (1860-1975)”, en M. García Sebastiani y Xosé M. Núñez Seixas (eds.), Hacer patria lejos de casa. Nacionalismo español, migración y exilio en Europa y América (1870-2010), Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 2020, pp. 41-71.
Abstract
El capítulo analiza cómo, entre 1860 y 1960, los españoles emigrantes y exiliados en Argentina desarrollaron sus vidas a mediano y largo plazo contribuyendo al progreso y a experimentos cívicos y de bienestar social en un marco legal de derechos, excepcionalmente restringidos desde el poder. Los registros sociales y culturales como el idioma, las costumbres, la gastronomía, la religión, las redes personales y familiares facilitaron las cosas, aunque no fueron determinantes. En todo caso, proporcionaron instrumentos para la construcción de un imaginario nacionalista español singular por heterogéneo, plural, compatible con otros, y variable en el tiempo. La creación y el mantenimiento de espacios de interacción social y de identidades en los márgenes de Estados y naciones implicaron a múltiples actores transnacionales quienes delimitaron fronteras culturales, geográficas y políticas al tiempo que reforzaban posiciones de liderazgo. Ambos procesos fueron complementarios y demostraron gran capacidad de resistencia a lo largo del periodo sin provocar especiales conflictos en la sociedad de acogida aunque por su dimensión internacional moldeara las relaciones hispano argentinas. En ese sentido, la historia sociocultural y el imaginario generado por los diferentes grupos étnicos y regionales de españoles en Argentina constituyen un laboratorio idóneo para el estudio del nacionalismo en la diáspora como resultado de acciones transnacionales. El capítulo estudia en el largo plazo la diversidad del nacionalismo español en la emigración argentina y a sus manifestaciones sociopolíticas en diferentes coyunturas.
The chapter analyses how, between 1860 and 1960, Spanish emigrants and exiles in Argentina developed their lives in the medium and long term, contributing to progress and civic and social welfare experiments within a legal framework of rights, exceptionally restricted by those in power. Social and cultural registers such as language, customs, gastronomy, religion, personal and family networks made things easier, although they were not decisive. In any case, they provided instruments for the construction of a Spanish nationalist imaginary that was singular in that it was heterogeneous, plural, compatible with others, and variable over time. The creation and maintenance of spaces of social interaction and identities on the margins of states and nations involved multiple transnational actors who delimited cultural, geographical and political borders while reinforcing positions of leadership. Both processes were complementary and demonstrated great resilience throughout the period without provoking particular conflicts in the host society, although their international dimension shaped Spanish-Argentine relations. In this sense, the socio-cultural history and the imaginary generated by the different ethnic and regional groups of Spaniards in Argentina constitute an ideal laboratory for the study of nationalism in the diaspora as a result of transnational actions. In the long term, the chapter studies the diversity of Spanish nationalism in Argentine emigration and its socio-political manifestations at different junctures.
The chapter analyses how, between 1860 and 1960, Spanish emigrants and exiles in Argentina developed their lives in the medium and long term, contributing to progress and civic and social welfare experiments within a legal framework of rights, exceptionally restricted by those in power. Social and cultural registers such as language, customs, gastronomy, religion, personal and family networks made things easier, although they were not decisive. In any case, they provided instruments for the construction of a Spanish nationalist imaginary that was singular in that it was heterogeneous, plural, compatible with others, and variable over time. The creation and maintenance of spaces of social interaction and identities on the margins of states and nations involved multiple transnational actors who delimited cultural, geographical and political borders while reinforcing positions of leadership. Both processes were complementary and demonstrated great resilience throughout the period without provoking particular conflicts in the host society, although their international dimension shaped Spanish-Argentine relations. In this sense, the socio-cultural history and the imaginary generated by the different ethnic and regional groups of Spaniards in Argentina constitute an ideal laboratory for the study of nationalism in the diaspora as a result of transnational actions. In the long term, the chapter studies the diversity of Spanish nationalism in Argentine emigration and its socio-political manifestations at different junctures.
Description
Este capítulo desarrolla una idea escrita para una ponencia presentada en el 54 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas (Viena, 15-20/7/2012). Simposio 478: "Migrations and Transnational Exchange in Latin America, 1850-1950”, a cargo de Michael Goebel (European University Institute, Firenze, Italy, en 2012) y Stefan Rinke (Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany): https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/45923